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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
M01AE01 BRUFEN B Ibuprofen - 400mg 400mg Tablet, film coated 329,342 L.L
R01AC03 ALLERGODIL NASAL B Azelastine HCl - 0.14mg/dose 0.14mg/dose Spray, solution 657,139 L.L
R06AX CLARINASE B Loratadine - 5mg, Pseudoephedrine sulfate - 120mg Tablet, repetab 446,156 L.L
C01DX12 CORVASAL 2MG B Molsidomine - 2mg 2mg Tablet, scored 398,033 L.L
G04BD06 MICTONORM B Propiverine HCl - 15mg 15mg Tablet, coated 1,261,868 L.L
L01EA04 BOSULIF B Bosutinib - 400mg 400mg Tablet, film coated 123,564,667 L.L
R01AD08 OTRIALLERGY B Fluticasone propionate - 50mcg/actuation 50mcg/actuation Spray, suspension 675,953 L.L
B01AC17 AGGRASTAT B Tirofiban hydrochloride monohydrate - 0.25mg/ml 0.25mg/ml Injectable concentrated solution 18,280,324 L.L
C01DX12 CORVASAL 2MG B Molsidomine - 2mg 2mg Tablet, scored 1,092,992 L.L
C09AA05 TRITACE B Ramipril - 2.5mg 2.5mg Tablet 263,393 L.L
G04BD06 MICTONORM XL B Propiverine HCl - 30mg 30mg Capsule, modified release 1,648,895 L.L
L01EA04 BOSULIF B Bosutinib - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 154,453,246 L.L
N03AX16 LYRICA B Pregabalin - 75mg 75mg Capsule 598,010 L.L
N06AB04 CIPRAM B Citalopram - 20mg 20mg Tablet 2,280,501 L.L
L01EX01 SUTENT B Sunitinib maleate - 12.5mg 12.5mg Capsule L.L
A10BD08 GALVUS MET B Metformin HCl - 850mg, Vildagliptin - 50mg Tablet, film coated 1,816,875 L.L
D06BX01 ROZEX B Metronidazole - 0.75g/100g 0.75% Gel 584,571 L.L
G04BD06 MICTONORM XL B Propiverine HCl - 45mg 45mg Capsule, modified release 1,877,348 L.L
L01EA05 ICLUSIG B Ponatinib - 15mg 15mg Tablet, film coated 103,555,839 L.L
M01AE01 SPIDIFEN B Ibuprofen alginate - 400mg 400mg Tablet, film coated 330,585 L.L
N03AX16 LYRICA B Pregabalin - 75mg 75mg Capsule 2,131,334 L.L
L01EX01 SUTENT B Sunitinib maleate - 50mg 50mg Capsule L.L
B01AC24 BRILINTA B Ticagrelor - 90mg 90mg Tablet, film coated 5,544,694 L.L
G04BD06 MICTONORM B Propiverine HCl - 5mg 5mg Tablet, coated 1,917,663 L.L
L01EA05 ICLUSIG B Ponatinib - 45mg 45mg Tablet, film coated 207,092,651 L.L
M01AE01 ADVIL B Ibuprofen - 200mg 200mg Tablet 321,178 L.L
N02AA05 OXYNORM B Oxycodone HCl - 5mg 5mg Capsule, hard 1,991,575 L.L
R01AD09 NASONEX B Mometasone furoate (monohydrate) - 50mcg/dose 0.05% Spray, suspension 529,474 L.L
L01XX24 ONCASPAR B Pegaspargase - 750U/ml 750U/ml Injectable powder for solution L.L
C01DX12 CORVASAL 4MG B Molsidomine - 4mg 4mg Tablet 492,742 L.L
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