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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
J01CA04 AMOXYCILLIN G Amoxicillin (trihydrate) - 250mg/5ml 250mg/5ml Powder for suspension 166,381 L.L
J01CA04 AMOXIDREX G Amoxicillin (trihydrate) - 500mg 500mg Capsule 254,690 L.L
J01CA04 AMOXIDREX G Amoxicillin (trihydrate) - 500mg 500mg Capsule 7,332,097 L.L
J01CA04 AMOXIDREX G Amoxicillin (trihydrate) - 250mg/5ml 250mg/5ml Powder for suspension 284,127 L.L
J01CR02 AMOXICLAV-ORBUCELL G Amoxicillin - 1g, Clavulanic Acid (potassium) - 0.2g Injectable powder for solution 7,433,691 L.L
J01CA04 AMOXICILLINE PANPHARMA G Amoxicillin (sodium) - 1g 1g Injectable powder for solution 2,734,719 L.L
J01CA04 AMOXICILLINE INJ. G Amoxicillin (sodium) - 1g 1g Injectable powder for solution 1,173,175 L.L
J01CA04 AMOXICILLINE ARROW LAB G Amoxicillin (trihydrate) - 500mg 500mg Capsule 564,414 L.L
J01CA04 AMOXICILLINE ARROW LAB G Amoxicillin (trihydrate) - 1g 1g Tablet, dispersible 940,690 L.L
J01CR02 AMOXICILLINA/ ACIDO CLAVULANICO G Amoxicillin (sodium) - 1g, Clavulanic Acid (potassium) - 200mg 1.2g Injectable powder for solution 16,577,136 L.L
J01CA04 AMOXICILLIN G Amoxicillin (trihydrate) - 500mg 500mg Capsule 6,199,145 L.L
G04BE08 AMOS G Tadalafil - 20mg 20mg Film, orodispersible 2,175,745 L.L
G04BE08 AMOS G Tadalafil - 10mg 10mg Film, orodispersible 1,662,781 L.L
G04BE08 AMOS G Tadalafil - 5mg 5mg Film, orodispersible 2,743,998 L.L
D01AE16 AMOROLFINE BGR G Amorolfine - 5% 5% Nail lacquer 753,896 L.L
C08CA01 AMOPRO G Amlodipine (besylate) - 5mg 5mg Capsule 362,837 L.L
J01CR02 AMOCLAN FORTE G Amoxicillin (trihydrate) - 250mg/5ml, Clavulanic Acid (potassium) - 62.5mg/5ml 312mg/5ml Powder for suspension 288,926 L.L
J01CR02 AMOCLAN FORTE G Amoxicillin (trihydrate) - 500mg, Clavulanic Acid (potassium) - 125mg 625mg Tablet 170,668 L.L
J01CR02 AMOCLAN BID G Amoxicillin (trihydrate) - 400mg/5ml, Clavulanic Acid (potassium) - 57.1mg/5ml 457mg/57mg Tablet, chewable 892,311 L.L
J01CR02 AMOCLAN BID G Amoxicillin (trihydrate) - 200mg/5ml, Clavulanic Acid (potassium) - 28.5mg/5ml 228.5mg/5ml Powder for suspension 345,368 L.L
J01CR02 AMOCLAN BID G Amoxicillin (trihydrate) - 400mg/5ml, Clavulanic Acid (potassium) - 57.1mg/5ml 457mg/5ml Powder for suspension 278,175 L.L
J01CR02 AMOCLAN BID G Amoxicillin (trihydrate) - 600mg/5ml, Clavulanic Acid (potassium) - 42.9mg/5ml 642.9mg/5ml Powder for suspension 507,972 L.L
J01CR02 AMOCLAN BID G Amoxicillin (trihydrate) - 875mg, Clavulanic Acid (potassium) - 125mg 1g Tablet 456,906 L.L
J01CR02 AMOCLAN G Amoxicillin (trihydrate) - 125mg/5ml, Clavulanic Acid (potassium) - 31.25mg/5ml 156mg/5ml Powder for suspension 159,917 L.L
J01CR02 AMOCLAN G Amoxicillin (trihydrate) - 250mg, Clavulanic Acid (potassium) - 125mg 375mg Tablet 259,362 L.L
C08CA01 AMLORINE 5 G Amlodipine (besylate) - 5mg 5mg Tablet 388,370 L.L
C08CA01 AMLORINE 10 G Amlodipine (besylate) - 10mg 10mg Tablet 959,504 L.L
C08CA01 AMLOR B Amlodipine besylate - 5mg 5mg Capsule 560,382 L.L
C08CA01 AMLOR B Amlodipine besylate - 5mg 5mg Capsule 560,382 L.L
C08CA01 AMLOPHAR G Amlodipine (besylate) - 5mg 5mg Capsule 388,370 L.L
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