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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
A10AD01 MIXTARD 30 BioTech Insulin (human) - 100IU/ml 100IU/ml Injectable suspension 752,552 L.L
A10AD01 MIXTARD 30 BioTech Insulin (human) - 100IU/ml 100IU/ml Injectable suspension 752,552 L.L
A10AB06 APIDRA SOLOSTAR BioTech Insulin glulisine - 100IU/ml 100IU/ml Injectable solution 3,942,834 L.L
A10AB06 APIDRA BioTech Insulin glulisine - 100IU/ml 100IU/ml Injectable solution 2,221,372 L.L
A10AB05 NOVORAPID FLEXPEN BioTech Insulin aspart - 100IU/ml 100IU/ml Injectable solution 3,123,090 L.L
A10AB05 NOVORAPID FLEXPEN BioTech Insulin aspart - 100IU/ml 100IU/ml Injectable solution 3,123,090 L.L
A10AB05 NOVORAPID FLEXPEN BioTech Insulin aspart - 100IU/ml 100IU/ml Injectable solution 3,123,090 L.L
A10AB04 HUMALOG KWIKPEN BioTech Insulin lispro - 100IU/ml 100IU/ml Injectable solution 3,950,897 L.L
A10AB04 PROLOG BioTech Insulin lispro - 100U/ml 100U/ml Injectable solution 637,365 L.L
A10AB04 PROLOG BioTech Insulin lispro - 100U/ml 100U/ml Injectable solution 2,126,343 L.L
A10AB04 PROLOG BioTech Insulin lispro - 100U/ml 100U/ml Injectable solution 883,480 L.L
A10AB04 HUMALOG BioTech Insulin lispro - 100IU/ml 100IU/ml Injectable suspension 1,988,887 L.L
A10AB04 PROLOG BioTech Insulin lispro - 100U/ml 100U/ml Injectable suspension 1,503,312 L.L
A10AB01 ACTRAPID BioTech Insulin (human) - 100IU/ml 100IU/ml Injectable solution 752,552 L.L
A10AB01 ACTRAPID BioTech Insulin (human) - 100IU/ml 100IU/ml Injectable solution 752,552 L.L
A10AB01 HUMULIN R U-100 BioTech Insulin (human) - 100IU/ml 100IU/ml Injectable solution 701,486 L.L
A10AB01 JUSLINE R BioTech Insulin (human) - 100IU/ml 100IU/ml Injectable solution 401,809 L.L
A09AA02 CREON 10,000 B Pancreatin protease - 600FIP-U, Pancreatin amylase - 8,000FIP-U, Pancreatin lipase - 10,000FIP-U Capsule 1,835,689 L.L
A09AA02 CREON 25,000 B Pancreatin protease - 1000FIP-U, Pancreatin amylase - 18000FIP-U, Pancreatin lipase - 25000FIP-U Capsule 4,598,629 L.L
A08AB01 XENICAL B Orlistat - 120mg 120mg Capsule 4,036,903 L.L
A08AB01 ELIZA 120 G Orlistat - 120mg 120mg Capsule 1,711,159 L.L
A08AB01 LESSFAT G Orlistat - 120mg 120mg Capsule 391,634 L.L
A08AB01 ONLEFIT G Orlistat - 120mg 120mg Capsule 1,537,356 L.L
A08AB01 ORLISTAT-SIGMA G Orlistat - 120mg 120mg Capsule 847,965 L.L
A08AB01 ORLY SLIM G Orlistat - 120mg 120mg Capsule 1,174,518 L.L
A08AB01 UNI-CAL G Orlistat - 120mg 120mg Capsule 1,174,518 L.L
A08AB01 LESSFAT G Orlistat - 60mg 60mg Capsule 1,039,238 L.L
A08AA62 CONTRAVE B Naltrexone Hydrochloride - 8mg, Bupropion Hydrochloride - 90mg Tablet, prolonged release 11,653,550 L.L
A08AA01 LOMAIRA B Phentermine Hydrochloride - 8mg 8mg Tablet 6,138,673 L.L
A07XA04 HIDRASEC INFANTS B Racecadotril - 10mg 10mg Granules for suspension 858,715 L.L
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