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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
D02AC VASELINE PURE G Vaseline pure - 20g 20g Ointment 103,668 L.L
D02AC VASIDEX G Vaseline pure - 15g 15g Ointment 78,071 L.L
N07CA01 VASOSERC G Betahistine dihydrochloride - 8mg 8mg Tablet 1,334,884 L.L
N07CA01 VASOSERC BID G Betahistine dihydrochloride - 24mg 24mg Tablet 840,861 L.L
N07CA01 VASOSERC FORTE G Betahistine dihydrochloride - 16mg 16mg Tablet 944,529 L.L
C01EB15 VASTAREL B Trimetazidine - 35mg 35mg Tablet, film coated, modified release 1,053,573 L.L
J07BB01 VAXIGRIPTETRA, VACCIN GRIPPAL QUADRIVALENT (INACTIVE A VIRION FRAGMENTE) B Influenza vaccine virus (inactivated, split) - 15mcg/4strains/0.5ml Injectable suspension 970,254 L.L
J07AL02 VAXNEUVANCE B Pneumococcal polysaccharide for serotypes 1, 3, 4, 5 , 6A, 7F, 9V,14, 18C, 19A, 19F, 22F, 23F,33F (2mcg) Pneumococcal polysaccharide for serotypes 6B (4.4mcg) Conjugated to CRM197 carrier protein and adsorbed on aluminium phosphate adjuvant - Injectable suspension 6,988,413 L.L
L01FE02 VECTIBIX BioTech Panitumumab - 400mg/20ml 400mg/20ml Injectable concentrated solution 147,763,999 L.L
L01FE02 VECTIBIX BioTech Panitumumab - 100mg/5ml 100mg/5ml Injectable concentrated solution 40,364,800 L.L
L01FE02 VECTIBIX BioTech Panitumumab - 400mg/20ml 400mg/20ml Injectable concentrated solution L.L
L01FE02 VECTIBIX BioTech Panitumumab - 100mg/5ml 100mg/5ml Injectable concentrated solution L.L
L01XG01 VELCADE B Bortezomib - 3.5mg 3.5mg Injectable lyophilised powder for solution 23,616,000 L.L
L01XG01 VELZOME G Bortezomib - 3.5mg 3.5mg Injectable powder for solution 17,462,517 L.L
J05AF13 VEMLIDY B Tenofovir alafenamide fumarate - 25mg 25mg Tablet, film coated 25,968,918 L.L
L01XX52 VENCLEXTA B Venetoclax - 10mg 10mg Tablet 12,966,030 L.L
L01XX52 VENCLEXTA B Venetoclax - 50mg 50mg Tablet 31,367,183 L.L
L01XX52 VENCLEXTA B Venetoclax - 100mg 100mg Tablet 707,858,935 L.L
L01XX52 VENCLEXTA B Venetoclax - 10mg week 1, Venetoclax - 50mg week 2, Venetoclax - 100mg week 3&4 Tablet 190,943,809 L.L
N06AX16 VENLAFAXINE ARROW GENERIQUES LP G Venlafaxine - 75mg 75mg Tablet, prolonged release 1,075,074 L.L
N06AX16 VENLAFAXINE ARROW GENERIQUES LP G Venlafaxine - 150mg 150mg Tablet, prolonged release 987,724 L.L
N06AX16 VENLAFAXINE BIOGARAN LP G Venlafaxine HCl - 75mg 75mg Capsule, prolonged release 584,571 L.L
N06AX16 VENLAFAXINE BIOGARAN LP G Venlafaxine HCl - 37.5mg 37.5mg Capsule, prolonged release 538,881 L.L
N06AX16 VENLAX XR 150 G Venlafaxine HCl - 150mg 150mg Capsule, extended release 944,529 L.L
N06AX16 VENLAX XR 150 G Venlafaxine HCl - 150mg 150mg Capsule, extended release 1,416,794 L.L
N06AX16 VENLAX XR 37.5 G Venlafaxine - 37.5mg 37.5mg Capsule, extended release 383,955 L.L
N06AX16 VENLAX XR 37.5 G Venlafaxine - 37.5mg 37.5mg Capsule, extended release 575,933 L.L
N06AX16 VENLAX XR 75 G Venlafaxine HCl - 75mg 75mg Capsule, extended release 895,895 L.L
N06AX16 VENLAX XR 75 G Venlafaxine HCl - 75mg 75mg Capsule, extended release 1,343,843 L.L
B03AC VENOFER I.V. B Iron (sucrose) - 100mg/5ml 100mg/5ml Injectable concentrated solution 3,594,779 L.L
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