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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
M03BC51 MUSCEROL 3 G Paracetamol - 450mg, Orphenadrine citrate - 35mg, Ibuprofen - 200mg Tablet, film coated 593,850 L.L
N02BE01 EFFERALGAN B Paracetamol - 500mg 500mg Tablet, effervescent scored 129,009 L.L
N02BE01 PANADOL ACTIFAST B Paracetamol - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 159,917 L.L
N02BE01 DOLIPRANE B Paracetamol - 500mg 500mg Tablet 120,946 L.L
N02BE01 DOLIPRANE B Paracetamol - 500mg 500mg Tablet 120,946 L.L
N02BE01 PANADOL ADVANCE B Paracetamol - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 438,093 L.L
N02BE01 PANADOL ADVANCE B Paracetamol - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 137,072 L.L
N02BE01 PANADOL ADVANCE B Paracetamol - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 389,714 L.L
N02BE01 ADOL G Paracetamol - 500mg 500mg Caplet 81,974 L.L
N02BE01 DOLOPAN G Paracetamol - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 135,664 L.L
N02BE01 DOLOPAN G Paracetamol - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 317,403 L.L
N02BE01 DOLOPAN G Paracetamol - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 380,115 L.L
N02BE01 DOLOPAN G Paracetamol - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 317,403 L.L
N02BE01 FEBRADOL G Paracetamol - 500mg 500mg Tablet 327,642 L.L
N02BE01 NOMAL G Paracetamol - 500mg 500mg Tablet 305,884 L.L
N02BE01 PAINOL G Paracetamol - 500mg 500mg Tablet 95,989 L.L
N02BE01 PARACETAMOL G Paracetamol - 500mg 500mg Tablet 1,873,700 L.L
N02BE01 PARACETAMOL G Paracetamol - 500mg 500mg Tablet 66,552 L.L
N02BE01 PARACETAMOL G Paracetamol - 500mg 500mg Tablet 3,161,230 L.L
N02BE01 ADOL G Paracetamol - 500mg 500mg Suppository 131,697 L.L
N02BE01 ALGIVIC G Paracetamol - 500mg 500mg Suppository 147,183 L.L
N02BE51 HUMACE PLUS G Paracetamol - 500mg, Aceclofenac (potassium) - 200mg Tablet 575,165 L.L
R05X FERVEX ADULTS SUGAR FREE B Paracetamol - 500mg, Ascorbic acid - 200mg, Pheniramine maleate - 25mg Granules for solution 425,998 L.L
R05X FERVEX ADULTS RASPBERRY B Paracetamol - 500mg, Ascorbic acid - 200mg, Pheniramine maleate - 25mg Granules for solution 425,998 L.L
R05X FERVEX ADULTS B Paracetamol - 500mg, Ascorbic acid - 200mg, Pheniramine maleate - 25mg Granules for solution 425,998 L.L
N02BE51 PANADOL COLD & FLU DAY B Paracetamol - 500mg, Caffeine - 25mg, Phenylephrine HCl - 5mg Caplet 284,895 L.L
N02BE51 SOLPADEINE B Paracetamol - 500mg, Caffeine - 30mg, Codeine - 8mg Tablet 319,835 L.L
N02BE51 SOLPADEINE SOLUBLE B Paracetamol - 500mg, Caffeine - 30mg, Codeine - 8mg Tablet, effervescent 272,800 L.L
N02BE51 SOLPEX G Paracetamol - 500mg, Caffeine - 30mg, Codeine - 8mg Tablet 243,172 L.L
N02BE51 ADOL EXTRA G Paracetamol - 500mg, Caffeine - 65mg Caplet 122,290 L.L
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