Meningitis

Generalities
Agent	There are several agents causing meningitis. 1) Main Bacteria: - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y. - Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection. - Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes. - Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups) - Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped - Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis… 2) Virus: - Mumps - Measles - West Nile virus: a Flavivirus - Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3) - Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae - Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus - Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus - Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group -Other virus: arboviruses… 3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period	varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility	varies with the agent
Reservoir	varies with the agent
Modes of transmission	varies with the agent
Clinical presentation	varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis - MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis - MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b - MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms	- Meningitis reporting form - Meningitis investigation form
Data	- Weekly report

ATC	Name	B/G	Ingredients	Form	Price
B05DB	DIANEAL PD4 CYCLER 3.86% GLUCOSE	B	Sodium lactate - 4.48g/l, Magnesium chloride - 0.051g/l, Calcium chloride - 0.184g/l, Sodium chloride - 5.38g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 38.6g/l	Injectable solution	1,150,329 L.L
R03AL02	DUOLIN RESPULES	G	Salbutamol (sulfate) - 2.5mg/2.5ml, Ipratropium bromide (monohydrate) - 500mcg/2.5ml	Inhaltion solution with nebuliser	417,935 L.L
G04CA52	DUTAMSUVITAE	G	Tamsulosin HCl - 0.4mg, Dutasteride - 0.5mg	Capsule, hard	2,168,962 L.L
G04CA52	DUTASTERIDE/TAMSULOSINE ARROW	G	Tamsulosin HCl - 0.4mg, Dutasteride - 0.5mg	Capsule	1,337,123 L.L
B03BA51	DEPOVEX	B	Aluminium monostearate - 20mg/ml, Cyanocobalamine - 1mg/ml	Injectable oily suspension	423,310 L.L
M01BX	DORIXINA B1B6B12	B	Lysine clonixinate - 125mg, Vitamin B1 - 50mg, Vitamin B6 - 30mg, Vitamin B12 - 50mcg	Tablet, film coated	804,962 L.L
S01CA01	DEXATOBRIN	G	Dexamethasone - 1mg/ml, Tobramycin - 3mg/ml	Drops suspension	239,204 L.L
N06CA02	DEANXIT	B	Flupentixol (dihydrochloride) - 0.5mg, Melitracen (HCl) - 10mg	Tablet, film coated	1,372,063 L.L
S01ED51	DORZOLAMIDE/TIMOLOL BGR	G	Timolol maleate - 5mg/ml, Dorzolamide HCl - 20mg/ml	Drops solution	689,391 L.L
S01ED51	DORZOPTIC PLUS	G	Timolol - 0.5%, Dorzolamide HCl - 2%	Drops solution	548,288 L.L
A12AX	DECALCIT	B	Vitamin D3 - 500IU, Calcium - 600mg	Tablet	912,469 L.L
A12AX	DECALCIT	B	Vitamin D3 - 500IU, Calcium - 600mg	Tablet	348,055 L.L
N02BE51	DIFEN GESIC	G	Paracetamol - 400mg, Diclofenac potassium - 50mg	Tablet, film coated	330,585 L.L
A12AX	DECALCIT	B	Vitamin D3 - 750IU, Calcium - 600mg	Powder	1,075,074 L.L
N02BE51	DOLFEIN	G	Paracetamol - 400mg, Caffeine - 50mg, Codeine phosphate hemihydrate - 20mg	Tablet	249,571 L.L
H02AB01	DIPROFOS	B	Betamethasone (dipropionate) - 5mg/ml, Betamethasone (sodium phosphate) - 2mg/ml	Injectable suspension	446,156 L.L
S01ED51	DUOTRAV	B	Timolol (maleate) - 5mg, Travoprost - 40mcg	Drops solution	1,933,789 L.L
M03BA53	DISTEM	G	Paracetamol - 300mg, Methocarbamol - 380mg	Tablet	978,317 L.L
A15	DESARROL	G	Cyproheptadine HCl - 0.2mg/ml, L-Arginine L-Aspartate - 25mg/ml, L-Carnitine - 50mg/ml	Solution	1,007,882 L.L
A15A	DYNAMOGEN	G	Arginine Aspartate - 1g/10ml, Glutodine (Cyproheptadine ?-ketoglutarate) - 3mg/10ml	Solution	1,019,976 L.L
M03BX	DORIXINA RELAX	B	Lysine clonixinate - 125mg, Cyclobenzaprine HCl - 5mg	Tablet, film coated	581,884 L.L
B05BB02	DEXTROSE 5% & SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9%	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9g/100ml, Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml	Injectable solution	189,262 L.L
D04AA32	DERMAMINE ITCH STOPPING	G	Diphenhydramine HCl - 1%, Zinc acetete - 0.1%	Cream	560,382 L.L
B05BB02	DEXTROSE 5% & SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9%	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9g/100ml, Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml	Injectable solution	182,720 L.L
B05BB02	DEXTROSE 5% & SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9%	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9g/100ml, Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml	Injectable solution	207,894 L.L
B05BB02	DEXTROSE 5% & SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9%	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9g/100ml, Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml	Injectable solution	198,578 L.L
B05BB02	DEXTROSE 5% & SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9%	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9g/100ml, Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml	Injectable solution	226,036 L.L
B05BB02	DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%, Glucose - 5%	Injectable solution	194,211 L.L
A10BD02	DIAMET 500/5	G	Metformin HCl XR - 500mg, Glibenclamide - 5mg	Tablet, film coated	639,925 L.L
B05BB02	DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%, Glucose - 5%	Injectable solution	180,421 L.L