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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
B05BB02 DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% INJECTION, USP G Sodium chloride - 0.45%, Glucose - 5% Injectable solution 148,566 L.L
B05BB02 DEXTROSE 2.5% & SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% G Sodium chloride - 0.45g/100ml, Dextrose, H2O - 2.5g/100ml Injectable solution 176,974 L.L
B05BB02 DEXTROSE 2.5% & SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% G Sodium chloride - 0.45g/100ml, Dextrose, H2O - 2.5g/100ml Injectable solution 198,578 L.L
B05BB02 DEXTROSE 2.5% & SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% G Sodium chloride - 0.45g/100ml, Dextrose, H2O - 2.5g/100ml Injectable solution 224,090 L.L
B05BB02 DEXTROSE 5% & SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% G Sodium chloride - 0.45g/100ml, Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml Injectable solution 205,933 L.L
B05BB02 DEXTROSE 5% & SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% G Sodium chloride - 0.45g/100ml, Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml Injectable solution 182,720 L.L
B05BB02 DEXTROSE 5% & SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% G Sodium chloride - 0.45g/100ml, Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml Injectable solution 217,210 L.L
B05BB02 DEXTROSE 5% & SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% G Sodium chloride - 0.45g/100ml, Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml Injectable solution 240,255 L.L
B05BB02 DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP G Sodium chloride - 0.9%, Glucose - 5% Injectable solution 194,211 L.L
B05BB02 DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP G Sodium chloride - 0.9%, Glucose - 5% Injectable solution 180,421 L.L
B05BB02 DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP G Sodium chloride - 0.9%, Glucose - 5% Injectable solution 186,167 L.L
B05BB02 DEXTROSE 5% & SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% G Sodium chloride - 0.9g/100ml, Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml Injectable solution 189,262 L.L
B05BB02 DEXTROSE 5% & SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% G Sodium chloride - 0.9g/100ml, Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml Injectable solution 182,720 L.L
B05BB02 DEXTROSE 5% & SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% G Sodium chloride - 0.9g/100ml, Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml Injectable solution 207,894 L.L
B05BB02 DEXTROSE 5% & SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% G Sodium chloride - 0.9g/100ml, Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml Injectable solution 198,578 L.L
B05BB02 DEXTROSE 5% & SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% G Sodium chloride - 0.9g/100ml, Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml Injectable solution 226,036 L.L
B05BB02 DEXTROSE 5% IN LACTATED RINGER'S G Sodium lactate - 0.31g/100ml, Calcium chloride 2H2O - 0.02g/100ml, Potassium chloride - 0.03g/100ml, Sodium chloride - 0.598g/100ml, Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml Injectable solution 207,404 L.L
B05DB DIANEAL PD4 1.36% GLUCOSE B Sodium lactate - 4.48g/l, Magnesium chloride - 0.051g/l, Calcium chloride - 0.184g/l, Sodium chloride - 5.38g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 13.6g/l 1.36% Injectable solution 1,163,270 L.L
B05DB DIANEAL PD4 CYCLER 1.36% GLUCOSE B Sodium lactate - 4.48g/l, Magnesium chloride - 0.051g/l, Calcium chloride - 0.184g/l, Sodium chloride - 5.38g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 13.6g/l Injectable solution 1,150,329 L.L
B05DB DIANEAL PD4 2.27% GLUCOSE B Sodium lactate - 4.48g/l, Magnesium chloride - 0.051g/l, Calcium chloride - 0.184g/l, Sodium chloride - 5.38g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 22.7g/l Injectable solution 1,163,270 L.L
B05DB DIANEAL PD4 CYCLER 2.27% GLUCOSE B Sodium lactate - 4.48g/l, Magnesium chloride - 0.051g/l, Calcium chloride - 0.184g/l, Sodium chloride - 5.38g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 22.7g/l Injectable solution 1,150,329 L.L
B05DB DIANEAL PD4 3.86% GLUCOSE B Sodium lactate - 4.48g/l, Magnesium chloride - 0.051g/l, Calcium chloride - 0.184g/l, Sodium chloride - 5.38g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 38.6g/l Injectable solution 1,111,506 L.L
B05DB DIANEAL PD4 CYCLER 3.86% GLUCOSE B Sodium lactate - 4.48g/l, Magnesium chloride - 0.051g/l, Calcium chloride - 0.184g/l, Sodium chloride - 5.38g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 38.6g/l Injectable solution 1,150,329 L.L
N03AG01 DEPAKINE B Sodium Valproate - 200mg 200mg Tablet, enteric coated 240,548 L.L
N03AG01 DEPAKINE B Sodium Valproate - 200mg/3.47ml 200mg/3.47ml Syrup 442,124 L.L
N03AG01 DEPAKINE B Sodium Valproate - 200mg/ml 200mg/ml Solution 360,150 L.L
N03AG01 DEPAKINE B Sodium Valproate - 400mg 400mg Injectable lyophilised powder for solution+diluent 450,187 L.L
N03AG01 DEPAKINE B Sodium Valproate - 500mg 500mg Tablet, enteric coated 479,752 L.L
G04BE08 DURALIS G Tadalafil - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 1,187,701 L.L
G04BE08 DURALIS G Tadalafil - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film coated 1,204,979 L.L
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