Meningitis

Generalities
Agent	There are several agents causing meningitis. 1) Main Bacteria: - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y. - Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection. - Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes. - Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups) - Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped - Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis… 2) Virus: - Mumps - Measles - West Nile virus: a Flavivirus - Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3) - Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae - Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus - Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus - Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group -Other virus: arboviruses… 3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period	varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility	varies with the agent
Reservoir	varies with the agent
Modes of transmission	varies with the agent
Clinical presentation	varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis - MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis - MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b - MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms	- Meningitis reporting form - Meningitis investigation form
Data	- Weekly report

ATC	Name	B/G	Ingredients	Dosage	Form	Price
R05X	TRIMEDIL FORTE	G	O-(?-hydroxyethyl)-rutosides - 30mg, Ascorbic acid - 80mg, Dimethindene - 0.5mg, Phenylephrine HCl - 2.5mg, Paracetamol - 200mg		Capsule	386,515 L.L
R06AD08	TOPLEXIL	B	Oxomemazine HCl - 0.33mg/ml	0.33mg/ml	Syrup	615,480 L.L
S01AA09	TETRACYCLINE EYE OINTMENT	G	Tetracycline HCl - 1%	1%	Ointment	71,672 L.L
S01AA12	TOBRACIN	G	Tobramycin - 0.3%	0.3%	Drops	322,522 L.L
S01AA12	TOBRASTILL	G	Tobramycin - 0.3%	0.3%	Drops solution	258,018 L.L
S01AA12	TOBRACIN	G	Tobramycin - 0.3%	0.3%	Ointment	280,863 L.L
S01AE06	TYMER	G	Gatifloxacin (sesquihydrate) - 3mg/ml	3mg/ml	Drops solution	427,342 L.L
S01ED51	TWINZOL	G	Dorzolamide HCl - 2%, Timolol - 0.5%		Drops solution	632,950 L.L
S01ED51	TRAVOPROST/TIMOLOL BIOGARAN	G	Travoprost - 40mcg/ml, Timolol - 5mg/ml		Drops solution	849,308 L.L
S01EE04	TRAVATAN	B	Travoprost - 40mcg/ml	0.004%	Drops solution	806,306 L.L
S01EE04	TRAVONORM	G	Travoprost - 0.004%	0.004%	Drops	564,414 L.L
S01EE04	TRAVOPROST BIOGARAN	G	Travoprost - 40mcg/ml	40mcg/ml	Drops solution	564,414 L.L
S01FA06	TROPICIL TOP	G	Tropicamide - 10mg/ml	10mg/ml	Drops solution	200,233 L.L
S01GA52	TRILLERG	G	Antazoline HCl - 0.5mg, Tetryzoline HCl - 0.4mg		Drops solution	310,428 L.L
S01XA20	TEARS NATURALE	B	Duasorb - 0.4%	0.4%	Drops solution	189,482 L.L
S02AA30	TYOTOCIN	B	Hexylresorcinol - 0.1%, Antipyrine - 5%, Benzocaine - 1.25%, Tyrothricin - 0.05%		Drops solution	409,552 L.L
L01FF05	TECENTRIQ	BioTech	Atezolizumab - 1200mg	1200mg	Injectable concentrate for solution	L.L
L01FD01	TRASTUREL	BioTech	Trastuzumab - 440mg			L.L