Meningitis

Generalities
Agent	There are several agents causing meningitis. 1) Main Bacteria: - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y. - Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection. - Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes. - Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups) - Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped - Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis… 2) Virus: - Mumps - Measles - West Nile virus: a Flavivirus - Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3) - Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae - Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus - Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus - Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group -Other virus: arboviruses… 3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period	varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility	varies with the agent
Reservoir	varies with the agent
Modes of transmission	varies with the agent
Clinical presentation	varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis - MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis - MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b - MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms	- Meningitis reporting form - Meningitis investigation form
Data	- Weekly report

ATC	Name	B/G	Ingredients	Dosage	Form	Price
B05	SOLUFLEX POTASSIUM CHLORIDE 20meq/l SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%, Potassium chloride - 20meq/l		Injectable solution	232,134 L.L
B05XA03	SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%	0.9%	Injectable solution	156,288 L.L
B05XA03	SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%	0.9%	Injectable solution	165,482 L.L
J02AC01	STABILANOL	G	Fluconazole - 100mg	100mg	Capsule	1,377,771 L.L
N05AH04	SEROPINE 25	G	Quetiapine fumarate - 25mg	25mg	Tablet, film coated	1,233,647 L.L
B05XA03	SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%	0.9%	Injectable solution	176,974 L.L
B05XA03	SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%	0.9%	Injectable solution	163,184 L.L
B05XA03	SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%	0.9%	Injectable solution	156,288 L.L
N05AH04	SEROPINE 100	G	Quetiapine fumarate - 100mg	100mg	Tablet, film coated	1,996,950 L.L
B05XA03	SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION/ DEMO	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9% w/v	0.9% w/v	Injectable solution	1,182,581 L.L
B05XA03	SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION/ DEMO	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9% w/v	0.9% w/v	Injectable solution	1,419,098 L.L
B05XA03	SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION/ DEMO	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9% w/v	0.9% w/v	Injectable solution	567,102 L.L
B05XA03	SOLUFLEX SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%	0.9%	Injectable solution	180,421 L.L
B05XA03	SOLUFLEX SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%	0.9%	Injectable solution	180,421 L.L
B05XA03	SOLUFLEX SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%	0.9%	Injectable solution	218,344 L.L
A03BB01	SCOPINAL	G	Butylscopolamine bromide - 10mg	10mg	Tablet, film coated	162,605 L.L
B05XA03	SOLUFLEX SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%	0.9%	Injectable solution	203,405 L.L
A03BB01	SCOPINAL	G	Butylscopolamine bromide - 5mg/5ml	5mg/5ml	Syrup	210,983 L.L
B05XA03	SOLUFLEX SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%	0.9%	Injectable solution	179,272 L.L
N05AH04	SEROPINE XR 300	G	Quetiapine fumarate - 300mg	300mg	Tablet, extended release	4,744,660 L.L
J02AC01	STABILANOL	G	Fluconazole - 150mg	150mg	Capsule	254,557 L.L
A03BB01	SCOBUREN	G	Butylscopolamine bromide - 20mg/ml	20mg/ml	Injectable solution	370,901 L.L
A03BB01	SCOPINAL	G	Butylscopolamine bromide - 20mg/ml	20mg/ml	Injectable solution	178,731 L.L
B05BA02	SMOFLIPID	G	Soya oil - 6%, Olive oil - 5%, Fish oil - 3%, Medium chain triglycerides - 6%	20%	Injectable emulsion	1,424,473 L.L
N02CC01	SUMAREX	G	Sumatriptan (succinate) - 100mg	100mg	Tablet, film coated	1,088,512 L.L
B05XA03	SODIUM CHLORIDE	G	Sodium chloride - 0.45%	0.45%	Injectable solution	133,856 L.L
B05XA03	SODIUM CHLORIDE	G	Sodium chloride - 0.45%	0.45%	Injectable solution	149,393 L.L
B05BA10	SMOFKABIVEN	G	Glucose monohydrate - 462mg, Soya-bean oil, refined - 60mg, Triglycerides, Medium Chain - 60mg, Olive oil, refined - 50mg, Fish oil, rich in omega-3-acids - 30mg, Alanine - 14mg, Arginine - 12mg, Proline - 11.2mg, Glycine - 11mg, Lysine acetate - 9.3mg, Leucine - 7.4mg, Serine - 6.5mg, Valine - 6.2mg, Sodium acetate, 3H2O - 5.62mg, Phenylalanine - 5.1mg, Isoleucine - 5mg, Potassium chloride - 4.48mg, Threonine - 4.4mg, Methionine - 4.3mg, Sodium glycerophosphate, anhydrous - 4.18mg, Histidine - 3mg, Magnesium sulfate, 7H2O - 2.47mg, Tryptophan - 2mg, Taurine - 1mg, Calcium chloride 2H2O - 0.74mg, Tyrosine - 0.40mg, Zinc sulfate heptahydrate - 23mcg		Injectable emulsion	3,835,326 L.L
B05XA03	SODIUM CHLORIDE	G	Sodium chloride - 0.45%	0.45%	Injectable solution	163,184 L.L
M03BX04	STIFFANO	G	Tolperisone - 150mg	150mg	Tablet	651,764 L.L