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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
C08DB01 MONO-TILDIEM LP/SR B Diltiazem HCl - 300mg 300mg Capsule, sustained release 658,483 L.L
A02AF02 MAALOX PLUS B Dimethicone - 25mg, Aluminium hydroxide - 200mg, Magnesium hydroxide - 200mg Tablet, chewable 166,636 L.L
L04AX07 MAROVAREX G Dimethyl Fumarate - 120mg 120mg Capsule, hard, gastro-resistant 9,838,676 L.L
L04AX07 MAROVAREX G Dimethyl Fumarate - 240mg Capsule, hard, gastro-resistant 60,848,734 L.L
R06AA52 MENTEX G Diphenhydramine HCl - 12.5mg/5ml, Dextrometorphan HBr - 15mg/5ml, Pseudoephedrine HCl - 30mg/5ml Syrup 323,866 L.L
A03FA03 MOTILIUM B Domperidone - 10mg 10mg Tablet 353,431 L.L
A03FA03 MODODOM G Domperidone - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 147,823 L.L
A03FA03 MOTILAT G Domperidone - 10mg 10mg Tablet 221,734 L.L
A03FA03 MOTIDOL ODT G Domperidone - 10mg 10mg Tablet, orodispersible 259,810 L.L
A03FA03 MOTILIUM ORAL B Domperidone - 5mg/5ml 5mg/5ml Suspension 377,620 L.L
L01EB02 MIRATA G Erlotinib (HCl) - 100mg 100mg Tablet, film coated 77,379,009 L.L
L01EB02 MIRATA G Erlotinib (HCl) - 150mg 150mg Tablet, film coated 88,599,923 L.L
D10AF02 MED-ERYTHROMYCIN 4% G Erythromycin - 40mg/ml 4% Solution 235,492 L.L
N06AB10 MEDIPREX G Escitalopram - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 456,906 L.L
A02BC05 METAPRO G Esomeprazole - 40mg 40mg Tablet, gastroresistant 639,669 L.L
G03CA03 MONTADIOL G Estradiol - 0.01% 0.01% Cream 1,105,982 L.L
G03AA09 MARVELON B Ethinylestradiol - 0.03mg, Desogestrel - 0.15mg Tablet 319,835 L.L
G03AB03 MICROGYNON '30' B Ethinylestradiol - 0.03mg, Levonorgestrel - 0.15mg Tablet, sugar coated 145,135 L.L
J02AC01 MYXEN G Fluconazole - 150mg 150mg Tablet 255,970 L.L
J02AC01 MYXEN G Fluconazole - 50mg 50mg Tablet 755,112 L.L
J02AC01 MYXEN G Fluconazole - 50mg/5ml 50mg/5ml Granules for suspension 793,507 L.L
N06CA02 MELIXITE G Flupentixol (dihydrochloride) - 0.5mg, Melitracen (HCl) - 10mg Tablet, film coated 600,250 L.L
B03AD MALTOFER FOL B Folic acid - 0.35mg, Iron trivalent (hydroxide polymaltose) - 100mg Tablet, chewable 854,684 L.L
B03BB01 MED-FOLIC ACID G Folic acid - 5mg 5mg Tablet, scored 355,798 L.L
J01XX01 MONUROL B Fosfomycine (trométamol) - 3g 3g Granules for solution 571,133 L.L
L01FX02 MYLOTARG BioTech Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin - 4.5mg 4.5mg Injectable powder 748,160,090 L.L
R05CA03 MUCINEX G Guaifenesin - 600mg 600mg Tablet, extended release 749,864 L.L
G03GA02 MENO-CLAIR HP-HMG BioHuman Human Menopausal Gonadotrophin, Highly purified - 150IU 150IU Injectable powder for solution + solution 2,005,013 L.L
G03GA02 MENO-CLAIR HP-HMG BioHuman Human Menopausal Gonadotrophin, Highly purified - 75IU 75IU Injectable powder for solution + solution 1,045,509 L.L
C03EA01 MODURETIC B Hydrochlorothiazide - 50mg, Amiloride HCl - 5mg Tablet 767,985 L.L
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