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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
- MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
- MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
- MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
B05CX01 DEXTROSE 7.5% INJECTION USP G Glucose - 7.5% 7.5% Injectable solution 148,566 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE 7.5% INJECTION USP G Glucose - 7.5% 7.5% Injectable solution 179,456 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE 7.5% INJECTION USP G Glucose - 7.5% 7.5% Injectable solution 163,184 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE G Dextrose, H2O - 33g/100ml 33g/100ml Injectable solution 287,295 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE G Dextrose, H2O - 50g/100ml 50g/100ml Injectable solution 329,815 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE G Dextrose, H2O - 20g/100ml 20g/100ml Injectable solution 807,874 L.L
B02BX01 DICYNONE B Etamsylate - 250mg/2ml 250mg Injectable solution 482,439 L.L
D11AH05 DUPIXENT BioTech Dupilumab - 300mg 300mg Injectable solution 123,001,362 L.L
B05DB DIANEAL PD4 1.36% GLUCOSE B Sodium lactate - 4.48g/l, Magnesium chloride - 0.051g/l, Calcium chloride - 0.184g/l, Sodium chloride - 5.38g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 13.6g/l 1.36% Injectable solution 1,163,270 L.L
D11AH05 DUPIXENT BioTech Dupilumab - 300mg 300mg Injectable solution 123,001,362 L.L
B05DB DIANEAL PD4 CYCLER 1.36% GLUCOSE B Sodium lactate - 4.48g/l, Magnesium chloride - 0.051g/l, Calcium chloride - 0.184g/l, Sodium chloride - 5.38g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 13.6g/l Injectable solution 1,150,329 L.L
D11AH05 DUPIXENT BioTech Dupilumab - 200mg 200mg Injectable solution 123,001,362 L.L
B05DB DIANEAL PD4 2.27% GLUCOSE B Sodium lactate - 4.48g/l, Magnesium chloride - 0.051g/l, Calcium chloride - 0.184g/l, Sodium chloride - 5.38g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 22.7g/l Injectable solution 1,163,270 L.L
D11AH05 DUPIXENT BioTech Dupilumab - 200mg 200mg Injectable solution 123,001,362 L.L
B05DB DIANEAL PD4 CYCLER 2.27% GLUCOSE B Sodium lactate - 4.48g/l, Magnesium chloride - 0.051g/l, Calcium chloride - 0.184g/l, Sodium chloride - 5.38g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 22.7g/l Injectable solution 1,150,329 L.L
B05DB DIANEAL PD4 3.86% GLUCOSE B Sodium lactate - 4.48g/l, Magnesium chloride - 0.051g/l, Calcium chloride - 0.184g/l, Sodium chloride - 5.38g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 38.6g/l Injectable solution 1,111,506 L.L
B05DB DIANEAL PD4 CYCLER 3.86% GLUCOSE B Sodium lactate - 4.48g/l, Magnesium chloride - 0.051g/l, Calcium chloride - 0.184g/l, Sodium chloride - 5.38g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 38.6g/l Injectable solution 1,150,329 L.L
H02AB02 DEXAMED G Dexamethasone - 8mg/2ml 8mg/2ml Injectable solution 2,998,113 L.L
H02AB02 DEXAMED G Dexamethasone - 8mg/2ml 8mg/2ml Injectable solution 338,648 L.L
H02AB02 DEXAMEDIS FORT G Dexamethasone Phosphate - 8mg/2ml 8mg/2ml Injectable solution 43,003 L.L
H02AB02 DEXAMETHASONE SODIUM PHOSPHATE USP - EIPICO G Dexamethasone (sodium phosphate) - 8mg/2ml 8mg/2ml Injectable solution 185,450 L.L
H02AB02 DEXASINA G Dexamethasone Phosphate - 8mg/2ml 8mg/2ml Injectable solution 3,471,145 L.L
H02AB02 DEXAMETHASON-PANPHARMA G Dexamethasone - 5mg/1ml 5mg/1ml Injectable solution 368,213 L.L
H02AB02 DEXAMETHASONE MEDIS G Dexamethasone Phosphate - 4mg/1ml 4mg/1ml Injectable solution 1,154,361 L.L
A11CC05 DIBASE G Vitamin D3 - 100,000IU/ml 100,000IU/ml Injectable solution 354,774 L.L
L01CD02 DOCETAXEL EBEWE G Docetaxel - 80mg/8ml 80mg/8ml Injectable solution 19,518,281 L.L
L01CD02 DOCETAXEL EBEWE G Docetaxel - 20mg/2ml 20mg/2ml Injectable solution 5,313,553 L.L
N05BA01 DIAZEPAM RENAUDIN G Diazepam - 10mg/2ml 10mg/2ml Injectable solution 514,692 L.L
R06AA02 DIPHENIST G Diphenhydramine HCl - 50mg/ml 50mg/ml Injectable solution 6,977,230 L.L
L01DB01 DOXO-CELL G Doxorubicin HCl - 50mg/25ml 50mg/25ml Injectable solution 1,794,030 L.L
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