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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
A02BC01 NEOOPRAZOLE G Omeprazole - 20mg 20mg Capsule, hard, gastro-resistant 407,184 L.L
A02BC05 NEXIUM B Esomeprazole (magnesium trihydrate) - 20mg 20mg Tablet, gastroresistant 1,005,194 L.L
A02BC05 NEXIUM B Esomeprazole (magnesium trihydrate) - 20mg 20mg Tablet, gastroresistant 1,005,194 L.L
A02BC05 NEXPRAZOL 20 G Esomeprazole - 20mg 20mg Tablet, enteric coated 275,168 L.L
A02BC05 NEXIUM B Esomeprazole (magnesium trihydrate) - 40mg 40mg Tablet, enteric coated 1,138,235 L.L
A02BC05 NEXIUM B Esomeprazole (magnesium trihydrate) - 40mg 40mg Tablet, enteric coated 1,138,235 L.L
A02BC05 NEXIUM B Esomeprazole sodium - 40mg 40mg Injectable powder for solution 5,254,424 L.L
A02BC05 NEXIUM B Esomeprazole (magnesium trihydrate) - 10mg 10mg Granules, gastroresistant, for suspension 1,721,462 L.L
A02BC05 NEXIUM B Esomeprazole (magnesium trihydrate) - 10mg 10mg Granules, gastroresistant, for suspension 1,721,462 L.L
A03AB06 NOSPAZM G Otilonium bromide - 40mg 40mg Tablet, film coated 282,207 L.L
A03FA03 NAUZEX G Domperidone - 10mg 10mg Tablet 258,530 L.L
A03FA03 NOVADOM G Domperidone - 10mg 10mg Tablet 278,175 L.L
A04AA01 NAUSETRON G Ondansetron (HCl dihydrate) - 8mg 8mg Tablet, scored 1,023,880 L.L
A04AA01 NOZENTRIX G Ondansetron - 8mg 8mg Tablet, film coated 1,075,074 L.L
A04AA01 NOZAMET G Ondansetron - 8mg 8mg Film, orodispersible 6,075,448 L.L
A04AA01 NAUSETRON G Ondansetron - 4mg/5ml 4mg/5ml Solution 958,608 L.L
A04AA01 NAUSETRON G Ondansetron - 4mg/5ml 4mg/5ml Solution 802,466 L.L
A04AA01 NOZAMET G Ondansetron - 4mg 4mg Film, orodispersible 3,234,181 L.L
A07AA11 NORMIX TAB B Rifaximin alpha - 200mg 200mg Tablet, film coated 827,807 L.L
A07AA11 NORMIX SIROP B Rifaximin alpha - 100mg/5ml 100mg/5ml Granules for suspension 477,064 L.L
A10AB05 NOVORAPID FLEXPEN BioTech Insulin aspart - 100IU/ml 100IU/ml Injectable solution 3,123,090 L.L
A10AB05 NOVORAPID FLEXPEN BioTech Insulin aspart - 100IU/ml 100IU/ml Injectable solution 3,123,090 L.L
A10AB05 NOVORAPID FLEXPEN BioTech Insulin aspart - 100IU/ml 100IU/ml Injectable solution 3,123,090 L.L
A10AD05 NOVOMIX 30 BioTech Insulin aspart - 30%, Insulin aspart protamine - 70% 100IU/ml Injectable suspension 4,264,012 L.L
A10AD05 NOVOMIX 30 BioTech Insulin aspart - 30%, Insulin aspart protamine - 70% 100IU/ml Injectable suspension 4,264,012 L.L
A10AD05 NOVOMIX 30 BioTech Insulin aspart - 30%, Insulin aspart protamine - 70% 100IU/ml Injectable suspension 4,264,012 L.L
A10BX02 NOVONORM B Repaglinide - 2mg 2mg Tablet 666,546 L.L
A10BX02 NOVONORM B Repaglinide - 0.5mg 0.5mg Tablet 475,720 L.L
A10BX02 NOVONORM B Repaglinide - 1mg 1mg Tablet 571,133 L.L
A11DB NEUROBION B Vitamin B12 - 1000mcg, Vitamin B6 - 100mg, Vitamin B1 - 100mg Injectable solution 545,600 L.L
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