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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
B05CX01 ALDEX G Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml 5g/100ml Injectable solution 174,062 L.L
C10AA05 ATOR MEDIS G Atorvastatin - 40mg 40mg Tablet, film coated 694,767 L.L
B05CX01 ALDEX G Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml 5g/100ml Injectable solution 170,630 L.L
C10AA05 ATORLIP 40 G Atorvastatin (calcium) - 40mg 40mg Tablet, film coated 1,484,626 L.L
B05CX01 ALDEX G Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml 5g/100ml Injectable solution 182,720 L.L
C10AA05 ATORVA TAD G Atorvastatin - 40mg 40mg Tablet, film coated 1,405,659 L.L
M01AE02 ANODYNE 500 G Naproxen - 500mg 500mg Suppository 342,680 L.L
B05CX01 ALDEX G Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml 5g/100ml Injectable solution 205,933 L.L
C09CA03 ANGINET G Valsartan - 160mg 160mg Tablet, film coated 544,256 L.L
C10AA05 ATORVASTATINE ARROW GENERQUES G Atorvastatin - 40mg 40mg Tablet, coated 564,414 L.L
N06AB10 APO-ESCITALOPRAM G Escitalopram (oxalate) - 10mg 10mg Tablet 565,758 L.L
R02AA20 ANGINOVA G Lidocaine HCl - 1mg, Dequalinium HCl - 0.25mg Lozenge 349,399 L.L
C09CA03 ARBITEN 160 G Valsartan - 160mg 160mg Tablet 544,256 L.L
C10AA05 ATORVASTATINE ARROW GENERQUES G Atorvastatin - 40mg 40mg Tablet, coated 564,414 L.L
R06AX27 AERIALLERG G Desloratadine - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated 400,465 L.L
D07XC04 AZONIT - D G Diflucortolone valerate - 1mg/g, Isoconazole nitrate - 10mg/g Cream 225,766 L.L
G04BE08 APO-TADALAFIL G Tadalafil - 5mg 5mg Tablet 1,635,456 L.L
R03AC02 ASMALAT G Salbutamol (sulfate) - 2mg/5ml 2mg/5ml Syrup 177,899 L.L
R03AC02 ASTHALIN G Salbutamol (sulfate) - 2.5mg/2.5ml 2.5mg/2.5ml Inhalation solution 325,210 L.L
N02BA51 ASPRIVIT G Acetylsalicylic acid - 500mg, Caffeine - 50mg, Vitamin B1 - 2mg Tablet 186,794 L.L
C09CA04 ANDARAN G Irbesartan - 150mg 150mg Tablet, film coated 904,612 L.L
R06AX27 AERIALLERG G Desloratadine - 0.5mg/ml 0.5mg/ml Syrup 200,233 L.L
D10AD01 A-RET G Tretinoin - 0.05% 0.05% Cream 335,961 L.L
L04AA13 AROTAN G Leflunomide - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 1,527,949 L.L
D10AD01 AVOTIN-A G Tretinoin - 0.05% 0.05% Cream 440,780 L.L
C10AA05 ATORVASTATINE ARROW GENERIQUES G Atorvastatin - 80mg 80mg Tablet, coated 564,414 L.L
L04AA13 AROTAN G Leflunomide - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film coated 2,014,420 L.L
N06AB10 APO-ESCITALOPRAM G Escitalopram (oxalate) - 20mg 20mg Tablet 1,087,169 L.L
C10AA05 ATORVASTATINE ARROW GENERIQUES G Atorvastatin - 80mg 80mg Tablet, coated 564,414 L.L
C10AA07 APO-ROSUVASTATIN G Rosuvastatin (calcium) - 10mg 10mg Tablet 670,577 L.L
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