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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
J01FF01 DALACIN-C B Clindamycin HCl - 300mg 300mg Capsule 478,408 L.L
J01FF01 DANALLI G Clindamycin HCl - 300mg 300mg Capsule 267,425 L.L
J02AC01 DIFLUCAN B Fluconazole - 50mg 50mg Capsule 622,199 L.L
J02AC01 DIFLUCAN B Fluconazole - 150mg 150mg Capsule 286,238 L.L
J05AR24 DELSTRIGO B Lamivudine - 300mg, Tenofovir disoproxil - 300mg, Doravirine - 100mg Tablet, film coated 48,879,793 L.L
J05AR27 DOLUTEGRAVIR/LAMIVUDINE/TENOFOVIR DISOPROXIL FUMARATE G Lamivudine - 300mg, Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate - 300mg, Dolutegravir - 50mg Tablet 54,836,160 L.L
J07CA11 DIPHTHERIA, TETANUS,PERTUSSIS, HEPATITIS B AND HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE TYPE B CONJUGATE VACCINE B Diphteria Toxoid1 - ?25Lf (?30IU)/0.5ml, Tetanus toxoid1 - ?2.5Lf (?40IU)/0.5ml, Bordetella pertussis (Whole cell) - ?16OU (?4.0IU)/0.5ml, HBs Antigen (r DNA)1 - ?10mcg/0.5ml, H. Influenza type b, purified capsular polysaccharide2 - 10mcg/0.5ml, 1 adsorbed on aluminium phosphate, Al+++ - ?1.25mg , 2 conjugated to tetanos toxoid carrier protein - Injectable suspension 1,515,854 L.L
L01AX04 DACARBAZINE MEDAC G Dacarbazine - 200mg 200mg Injectable powder for solution 15,866,076 L.L
L01AX04 DACARBAZINE MEDAC G Dacarbazine - 1,000mg 1,000mg Injectable powder for solution 5,411,654 L.L
L01BC06 DIROGIT G Capecitabine - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 11,330,804 L.L
L01BC08 DACOGEN B Decitabine - 50mg 50mg Injectable lyophilised powder for solution 87,048,758 L.L
L01BC08 DACOGEN B Decitabine - 50mg 50mg Injectable lyophilised powder for solution 87,048,758 L.L
L01CD02 DOCETAXEL ACCORD G Docetaxel - 80mg/4ml 80mg/4ml Injectable concentrate for solution 15,099,641 L.L
L01CD02 DOCETAXEL EBEWE G Docetaxel - 80mg/8ml 80mg/8ml Injectable solution 19,518,281 L.L
L01CD02 DOCETAXEL GP PHARM G Docetaxel - 40mg/ml 80mg/2ml Injectable concentrated solution+diluent 16,777,239 L.L
L01CD02 DOCETAXEL SPC G Docetaxel - 80mg/4ml 80mg/4ml Injectable concentrate for solution 16,906,027 L.L
L01CD02 DOCETAXEL ACCORD G Docetaxel - 20mg/ml 20mg/1ml Injectable concentrate for solution 4,110,814 L.L
L01CD02 DOCETAXEL EBEWE G Docetaxel - 20mg/2ml 20mg/2ml Injectable solution 5,313,553 L.L
L01CD02 DOCETAXEL GP PHARM G Docetaxel - 40mg/ml 20mg/0.5ml Injectable concentrated solution+diluent 4,567,721 L.L
L01DB01 DOXORUBICINE EBEWE G Doxorubicin HCl - 10mg/5ml 10mg/5ml Injectable concentrated solution 428,686 L.L
L01DB01 DOXO-CELL G Doxorubicin HCl - 50mg/25ml 50mg/25ml Injectable solution 1,794,030 L.L
L01DB01 DOXORUBICINA TEDEC G Doxorubicin HCl - 50mg/25ml 50mg/25ml Injectable concentrate for solution 2,015,764 L.L
L01DB01 DOXORUBICINE EBEWE G Doxorubicin HCl - 2mg/ml 50mg/25ml Injectable concentrated solution 1,804,780 L.L
L01EA02 DALEUBIN G Dasatinib - 70mg 70mg Tablet, film coated 98,514,698 L.L
L01EA02 DASATINIB NEAPOLIS G Dasatinib - 70mg 70mg Tablet, film coated 127,364,905 L.L
L01EA02 DALEUBIN G Dasatinib - 50mg 50mg Tablet, film coated 97,680,409 L.L
L01EA02 DASATINIB NEAPOLIS G Dasatinib - 50mg 50mg Tablet, film coated 127,364,905 L.L
L01EA02 DALEUBIN G Dasatinib - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film coated 79,249,265 L.L
L01EA02 DASATINIB NEAPOLIS G Dasatinib - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film coated 103,165,573 L.L
L01EA02 DASATINIB NEAPOLIS G Dasatinib - 140mg 140mg Tablet, film coated 254,729,810 L.L
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