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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
D10BA01 A-CNOTREN G Isotretinoin - 20mg 20mg Capsule, soft gelatin 1,390,057 L.L
D11AX01 ALOPEXY G Minoxidil - 20mg/ml 2% Solution 532,162 L.L
D11AX01 ALOPEXY G Minoxidil - 50mg/ml 5% Solution 896,343 L.L
D11AX01 ALOPEXY G Minoxidil - 5% 5% Solution 896,343 L.L
D11AX11 AVOQUIN G Hydroquinone - 4% 4% Cream 916,501 L.L
D11AX18 ALMIRAL G Diclofenac sodium - 1% w/w 1% w/w Gel 396,434 L.L
G04BD08 ASOLFENA G Solifenacin succinate - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated 971,598 L.L
G04BD08 ASOLFENA G Solifenacin succinate - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 971,598 L.L
G04BE08 APO-TADALAFIL G Tadalafil - 20mg 20mg Tablet 1,111,358 L.L
G04BE08 APO-TADALAFIL G Tadalafil - 5mg 5mg Tablet 1,635,456 L.L
G04BE08 APO-TADALAFIL G Tadalafil - 10mg 10mg Tablet 888,280 L.L
G04BE08 AMOS G Tadalafil - 20mg 20mg Film, orodispersible 2,175,745 L.L
G04BE08 AMOS G Tadalafil - 10mg 10mg Film, orodispersible 1,662,781 L.L
G04BE08 AMOS G Tadalafil - 5mg 5mg Film, orodispersible 2,743,998 L.L
G04CA01 APO-ALFUZOSIN G Alfuzosin HCl - 10mg 10mg Tablet 2,331,567 L.L
G04CA01 ALFUZOSINE BIOGARAN LP G Alfuzosin HCl - 10mg 10mg Tablet, coated, prolonged release 1,115,389 L.L
G04CA01 ALFOCIN G Alfuzosin HCl - 10mg 10mg Tablet, extended release 858,779 L.L
G04CA02 APO-TAMSULOSIN CR G Tamsulosin HCl - 0.4mg 0.4mg Tablet 607,417 L.L
G04CB02 AVODART B Dutasteride - 0.5mg 0.5mg Capsule 2,568,489 L.L
J01CA01 ANTALPEN G Ampicillin (trihydrate) - 125mg/5ml 125mg/5ml Powder for suspension 174,060 L.L
J01CA01 AMPICILLIN G Ampicillin (trihydrate) - 125mg/5ml 125mg/5ml Powder for suspension 174,060 L.L
J01CA01 ANTALPEN FORTE G Ampicillin (trihydrate) - 250mg/5ml 250mg/5ml Powder for suspension 206,056 L.L
J01CA01 AMPICILLIN G Ampicillin (trihydrate) - 250mg/5ml 250mg/5ml Powder for suspension 206,056 L.L
J01CA01 ANTALPEN G Ampicillin (trihydrate) - 250mg 250mg Capsule 218,854 L.L
J01CA01 ANTALPEN G Ampicillin (trihydrate) - 500mg 500mg Capsule 285,407 L.L
J01CA01 AMPICILLINE PANPHARMA G Ampicillin (sodium) - 500mg 500mg Injectable powder for solution 1,944,540 L.L
J01CA01 AMPICILLINE PANPHARMA G Ampicillin (sodium) - 1g 1g Injectable powder for solution 2,857,009 L.L
J01CA04 AMOXYCILLIN G Amoxicillin (trihydrate) - 500mg 500mg Capsule 4,073,187 L.L
J01CA04 AMOXICILLIN G Amoxicillin (trihydrate) - 500mg 500mg Capsule 6,199,145 L.L
J01CA04 AMOXICILLINE ARROW LAB G Amoxicillin (trihydrate) - 500mg 500mg Capsule 564,414 L.L
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