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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
R06AX26 FENADEX 180 G Fexofenadine HCl - 180mg 180mg Tablet, coated 295,645 L.L
R06AX26 EXOFEN G Fexofenadine HCl - 180mg 180mg Tablet, film coated 287,582 L.L
R06AX22 EBASTEL B Ebastine - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 722,987 L.L
R06AX22 EBASTINE ARROW G Ebastine - 10mg 10mg Tablet, coated 524,099 L.L
R06AX13 CLARITINE B Loratadine (micronised) - 10mg 10mg Tablet 219,046 L.L
R06AX13 CLARITINE B Loratadine (micronised) - 10mg 10mg Tablet 618,168 L.L
R06AX13 LORINE G Loratadine (micronised) - 10mg 10mg Tablet 247,267 L.L
R06AX13 LORATIN G Loratadine (micronised) - 10mg 10mg Tablet 247,267 L.L
R06AX13 APOTHECARE LORATADINE G Loratadine - 10mg 10mg Tablet 495,878 L.L
R06AX13 CLARA G Loratadine (micronised) - 10mg 10mg Tablet 131,697 L.L
R06AX13 LORADAD G Loratadine - 10mg 10mg Tablet 131,697 L.L
R06AX13 CLARITINE B Loratadine (micronised) - 5mg/5ml 5mg/5ml Syrup 430,030 L.L
R06AX13 LORINE G Loratadine (micronised) - 5mg/5ml 5mg/5ml Syrup 215,015 L.L
R06AX13 CLARA G Loratadine (micronised) - 5mg/5ml 5mg/5ml Syrup 215,015 L.L
R06AX02 PERIACTIN B Cyproheptadine HCl - 4mg 4mg Tablet 255,970 L.L
R06AX CLARINASE B Loratadine - 5mg, Pseudoephedrine sulfate - 120mg Tablet, repetab 446,156 L.L
R06AX FRENALER CORT G Desloratadine - 1mg/ml, Betamethasone - 0.05mg/ml Syrup 741,801 L.L
R06AX ORADUS BETA G Desloratadine - 1mg/ml, Betamethasone - 0.05mg/ml Solution 639,925 L.L
R06AX DESLOCORT G Desloratadine - 1mg/ml, Betamethasone - 0.05mg/ml Syrup 1,009,802 L.L
R06AX DESLAMED FORTE G Desloratadine - 1mg/ml, Betamethasone - 0.05mg/ml Syrup 1,009,802 L.L
R06AX DELINE CORT G Desloratadine - 5mg/5ml, Betamethasone - 0.25mg/5ml Syrup 693,679 L.L
R06AX DESLAMED FORTE G Desloratadine - 1mg/ml, Betamethasone - 0.05mg/ml Syrup 673,201 L.L
R06AX DESLOCORT G Desloratadine - 1mg/ml, Betamethasone - 0.05mg/ml Syrup 673,201 L.L
R06AX FRENALER CORT G Desloratadine - 5mg, Betamethasone - 0.6mg Tablet, film coated 632,950 L.L
R06AX ORADUS BETA G Desloratadine - 5mg, Betamethasone - 0.6mg Tablet, film coated 497,862 L.L
R06AX CYPRO-BC B Cyproheptadine HCl - 2mg/5ml, Vitamin B3 - 5mg/5ml, Vitamin B6 - 0.60mg/5ml, Vitamin B2 - 0.75mg/5ml, Vitamin B1 - 0.60mg/5ml, Vitamin C - 20mg/5ml Syrup 449,227 L.L
R06AE55 VOMINORE-JPM G Meclozine HCl - 25mg, Pyridoxine HCl - 50mg Tablet 259,362 L.L
R06AE09 XYZAL B Levocetirizine dihydrochloride - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated 572,477 L.L
R06AE09 ZOLICIN G Levocetirizine dihydrochloride - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated 228,453 L.L
R06AE09 CALIVIDA G Levocetirizine dihydrochloride - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated 447,948 L.L
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