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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
M01AE01 CAPTAIN G Ibuprofen - 100mg/5ml 100mg/5ml Suspension 335,321 L.L
P01BA02 CORVAQUINE G Hydroxychloroquine sulfate - 200mg 200mg Tablet, film coated 1,087,873 L.L
L01XX05 CUREAML G Hydroxycarbamide (or Hydroxyurea) - 500mg 500mg Capsule 1,228,272 L.L
L01XX05 CYTODROX G Hydroxycarbamide (or Hydroxyurea) - 500mg 500mg Capsule 3,301,821 L.L
C09BA01 CAPTACE PLUS G Hydrochlorothiazide - 25mg, Captopril - 50mg Tablet, scored 1,028,487 L.L
J06BA02 CLAIRYG BioHuman Human normal immunoglobulin G - 50mg/ml 10g/200ml Injectable solution 74,469,269 L.L
J06BA02 CLAIRYG BioHuman Human normal immunoglobulin G - 50mg/ml 5g/100ml Injectable solution L.L
J06BA02 CLAIRYG BioHuman Human normal immunoglobulin G - 50mg/ml 5g/100ml Injectable solution 40,685,649 L.L
J06BA02 CUVITRU BioHuman Human normal immunoglobulin - 8g/40ml 200mg/ml Injectable solution 53,593,818 L.L
J06BA02 CUVITRU BioHuman Human normal immunoglobulin - 4g/20ml 200mg/ml Injectable solution 29,806,627 L.L
G03GA01 CHORIOMON BioHuman Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin - 5,000IU 5,000IU Injectable lyophilised powder for solution+diluent 4,031,528 L.L
B05ZA CONCENTRATE SOLUTIONFOR HEMODIALYSIS TYPE A G Hemodialytics, concentrates - Injectable solution L.L
B05ZA CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS TYPE B+ G Hemodialytics, concentrates - Injectable solution L.L
B05ZA CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS TYPE J G Hemodialytics, concentrates - Injectable solution L.L
R05 COQUELUSEDAL ENFANT G Grindelia extract - 20mg, Gelsenium extract - 10mg Suppository 575,270 L.L
R05 COQUELUSEDAL NOURRISSON G Grindelia extract - 10mg, Gelsenium extract - 5mg Suppository 496,170 L.L
R05X COLDIN G Glyceryl guaiacolate - 15mg/5ml, Pseudoephedrine HCl - 15mg/5ml, Pyrilamine maleate - 6.25mg/5ml, Paracetamol - 120mg/5ml Syrup 386,515 L.L
R05X COLD-MED G Glyceryl guaiacolate - 15mg/5ml, Pseudoephedrine HCl - 15mg/5ml, Pyrilamine maleate - 6.25mg/5ml, Paracetamol - 120mg/5ml Syrup 386,515 L.L
L01FX28 COLUMVI BioTech Glofitamab - 2.5mg/2.5ml 2.5mg/2.5ml Injectable concentrate for solution 87,389,307 L.L
L01FX28 COLUMVI BioTech Glofitamab - 10mg/10ml 10mg/10ml Injectable concentrate for solution 349,443,660 L.L
J05AB06 CYMEVENE B Ganciclovir (sodium) - 500mg 500mg Injectable solution 1,726,838 L.L
A06AB07 COLON-X G Frangula Purshiana - 62.5mg, Plantago Afra - 100mg, Foeniculum Vulgare - 50mg, Zingiber Officinale - 50mg, Aniseed powder - 20mg, Glycyrrhiza Glabra - 12.5mg, Senna Alexandrina - 25mg Tablet, film coated 833,182 L.L
G03GA05 CINNAL-f BioHuman Follitropin alfa - 900IU/1.5ml 900IU/1.5ml Injectable solution 14,826,544 L.L
G03GA05 CINNAL-f BioHuman Follitropin alfa - 450IU/0.75ml 450IU/0.75ml Injectable solution 7,372,177 L.L
J02AC01 CANDIZOL G Fluconazole - 150mg 150mg Capsule 385,235 L.L
C10BA04 CHOLIB B Fenofibrate - 145mg, Simvastatin - 40mg Tablet, film coated 1,358,625 L.L
C10BA04 CHOLIB B Fenofibrate - 145mg, Simvastatin - 20mg Tablet, film coated 1,251,117 L.L
L04AA18 CERTICAN B Everolimus - 0.75mg 0.75mg Tablet L.L
L04AA18 CERTICAN B Everolimus - 0.75mg 0.75mg Tablet 39,404,119 L.L
L04AA18 CERTICAN B Everolimus - 0.5mg 0.5mg Tablet L.L
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