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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
C09CA03 VIOSTAN 160 G Valsartan - 160mg 160mg Tablet, film coated 668,082 L.L
C09CA03 VALSANET G Valsartan - 160mg 160mg Tablet, film coated 560,574 L.L
C09CA03 VIOSTAN 320 G Valsartan - 320mg 320mg Tablet, film coated 1,338,467 L.L
C09CA03 VIOSTAN 40 G Valsartan - 40mg 40mg Tablet, film coated 526,786 L.L
C05CA05 VENOSMIL G Hidrosmin - 200mg 200mg Capsule 976,973 L.L
C05CA05 VENOSMIL G Hidrosmin - 2% 2% Gel 588,603 L.L
C01EB15 VASTAREL B Trimetazidine - 35mg 35mg Tablet, film coated, modified release 1,053,573 L.L
B05AA07 VOLUVEN B Starch poly(O-2-Hydroxyethyl) - 6% 6% Injectable solution 987,724 L.L
B05AA01 VIALEBEX BioHuman Albumin human - 200g/L 200g/L Injectable solution 3,417,391 L.L
B03AD VITEXFER G Folic acid - 1mg, Ascorbic acid - 200mg, Iron ferrous fumarate - 100mg Tablet, film coated 791,523 L.L
B03AC VENOFER I.V. B Iron (sucrose) - 100mg/5ml 100mg/5ml Injectable concentrated solution 3,594,779 L.L
B01AF01 VAROXA G Rivaroxaban - 15mg 15mg Tablet, film coated 1,343,843 L.L
B01AF01 VAROXA G Rivaroxaban - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film coated 1,343,843 L.L
B01AF01 VAROXA G Rivaroxaban - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 2,879,854 L.L
B01AB11 VESSEL DUE F TAB. B Sulodexide - 250LRU 250LSU Capsule, soft gelatin 2,792,505 L.L
A12AX VITAQPLUS G Vitamin K2 - 0.05mg, Colecalciferol - 400IU, Calcium - 300mg Tablet 2,500,891 L.L
A11GA01 VITAMIN C S.A.L.F. G Ascorbic acid (vit C) - 500mg/5ml 500mg/5ml Injectable solution 498,566 L.L
A11DB VITANOR G Vitamin B1 - 250mg, Vitamin B6 - 250mg, Vitamin B12 - 500mcg Tablet, film coated 946,065 L.L
A11CC05 VITEX D3 G Vitamin D3 - 10,000IU 10,000IU Capsule 447,500 L.L
A11CC05 VIT-X-FORTE G Vitamin D3 - 10,000IU 10,000IU Capsule 895,895 L.L
A11CC05 VIDROP G Vitamin D3 - 100IU/drop 100IU/drop Drops 346,711 L.L
A11BA VITALIPID N INFANT B Vitamin A - 230IU/ml, Vitamin D2 - 40IU/ml, Vitamin E - 0.7IU/ml, Vitamin K1 - 20mcg/ml Injectable concentrate for solution 2,448,481 L.L
A10BH04 VIPIDIA B Alogliptin benzoate - 25mg 25mg Tablet, film coated 2,998,113 L.L
A10BH02 VILDAVITAE G Vildagliptin - 50mg 50mg Tablet 665,202 L.L
A10BH02 VILDIAB G Vildagliptin - 50mg 50mg Tablet 806,306 L.L
A10BH02 VLUDIN G Vildagliptin - 50mg 50mg Tablet 767,910 L.L
A10BH02 VLUDIN G Vildagliptin - 50mg 50mg Tablet 767,910 L.L
A10BD13 VIPDOMET B Metformin HCl - 500mg, Alogliptin benzoate - 12.5mg Tablet, film coated 3,112,339 L.L
A10BD13 VIPDOMET B Metformin HCl - 1,000mg, Alogliptin benzoate - 12.5mg Tablet, film coated 3,304,509 L.L
A10BD08 VLUDIN MET G Metformin HCl - 1000mg, Vildagliptin - 50mg Tablet, film coated 735,914 L.L
    ...
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