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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
B03AB ENRICH N G Iron trivalent (hydroxide polymaltose complex) - 156.25mg/5ml Syrup 279,519 L.L
B05D CAPD/DPCA 17Solution for peritoneal dialysis sleep safe G Sodium chloride - 5.786g/l, Sodium-(S)-lactate - 3.925g/l, Calcium chloride 2H2O - 0.1838g/l, Magnesium chloride, 6H2O - 0.1017g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 15g/l, Fructose , - up to 0.75g/l Injectable solution 715,794 L.L
C09CA07 TOLURA G Telmisartan - 40mg 40mg Tablet 532,162 L.L
C10AA07 ROSUCOR G Rosuvastatin (calcium) - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film coated 487,623 L.L
D10AF02 SPOTEX G Erythromycin - 4% 4% Gel 854,684 L.L
G04BX14 PRIXETIN 60 G Dapoxetine (hydrochloride) - 60mg Tablet, film coated 1,479,123 L.L
J01DC02 AXETINE G Cefuroxime sodium - 1.5g 1.5g Injectable powder for solution 2,273,782 L.L
L01AA09 BENDAMUSTINE HYDROCHLORIDE G Bendamustine HCl - 100mg/50ml 100mg/50ml Injectable powder for concentrate for solution 78,439,178 L.L
N06AX16 VENLAX XR 75 G Venlafaxine HCl - 75mg 75mg Capsule, extended release 1,343,843 L.L
S01AA26 AZYTER G Azithromycin (dihydrate) - 15mg/g 15mg/g Drops solution 412,560 L.L
A02BC04 RABEZOL 20 G Rabeprazole sodium - 20mg 20mg Tablet, enteric coated 282,847 L.L
A11CC05 SUN-D3 G Vitamin D3 - 10,000IU 10,000IU Capsule 935,570 L.L
B03AB05 ENRICH N G Iron trivalent (hydroxide polymaltose complex) - 50mg/ml 50mg/ml Drops 459,594 L.L
B05D CAPD/DPCA 19Solution for peritoneal dialysis sleep safe G Sodium chloride - 5.786g/l, Sodium-(S)-lactate - 3.925g/l, Calcium chloride 2H2O - 0.1838g/l, Magnesium chloride, 6H2O - 0.1017g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 22.73g/l, Fructose , - up to 1.1g/l Injectable solution 715,794 L.L
C10AA07 ROSUPHAR G Rosuvastatin (calcium) - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film coated 487,623 L.L
D10AF05 NADIXA G Nadifloxacin - 1% 1% Cream 850,652 L.L
J01MA14 AVITAR 400 G Moxifloxacin (HCl) - 400mg 400mg Tablet, film coated 913,813 L.L
L01AA09 BENDAMUSTINE HYDROCHLORIDE GP PHARM G Bendamustine HCl - 100mg/50ml 100mg/50ml Injectable powder for concentrate for solution 78,439,178 L.L
M01AH05 ARTRIX 60 G Etoricoxib - 60mg 60mg Tablet, film coated 1,054,596 L.L
N02BE01 SULDEX B G Paracetamol - 150mg 150mg Suppository 117,746 L.L
N04BD02 RASAGILINE BIOGARAN G Rasagiline - 1mg 1mg Tablet 5,214,109 L.L
A02BC04 RABEZOL 20 G Rabeprazole sodium - 20mg 20mg Tablet, enteric coated 639,925 L.L
A11CC05 VITEX D3 G Vitamin D3 - 10,000IU 10,000IU Capsule 447,500 L.L
C05CA03 DIOSMINE BIOGARAN CONSEIL G Diosmin - 600mg 600mg Tablet, coated 761,959 L.L
C09CA07 ARBIVASTEL G Telmisartan - 80mg 80mg Tablet 667,890 L.L
C10AA07 ROSUVAS G Rosuvastatin (calcium) - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film coated 450,187 L.L
D10AF05 NAXIDERM G Nadifloxacin - 1% 1% Gel 826,783 L.L
G04CA01 ALFOCIN G Alfuzosin HCl - 10mg 10mg Tablet, extended release 858,779 L.L
J01DC04 CLORACEF FORTE G Cefaclor (monohydrate) - 250mg/5ml 250mg/5ml Powder for suspension 632,950 L.L
J01MA14 AVITAR 400 G Moxifloxacin (HCl) - 400mg 400mg Tablet, film coated 651,764 L.L
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