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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
N03AX09 LAMOTRIGINE NORMON G Lamotrigine - 100mg 100mg Tablet, dispersible/ chewable 2,284,532 L.L
N03AX09 LAMICTAL B Lamotrigine - 100mg 100mg Tablet 2,741,209 L.L
N03AX09 LEPIGINE G Lamotrigine - 100mg 100mg Tablet, scored 1,163,768 L.L
N03AX09 LAMICTAL B Lamotrigine - 25mg 25mg Tablet 1,088,270 L.L
N03AX09 LAMOTRIGINE ARROW LAB G Lamotrigine - 25mg 25mg Tablet, dispersible/ chewable 556,351 L.L
N03AX09 LAMOTRIGINE BIOGARAN G Lamotrigine - 25mg 25mg Tablet, dispersible 595,322 L.L
N03AX09 SEIZET 25 G Lamotrigine - 25mg 25mg Tablet, dispersible/ chewable 573,821 L.L
N03AX09 LAMICTAL LIQUI-TABS B Lamotrigine - 5mg 5mg Tablet 361,046 L.L
N03AX09 LAMOTRIGINE ARROW LAB G Lamotrigine - 50mg 50mg Tablet, dispersible/ chewable 1,052,229 L.L
N03AX09 LAMOTRIGINE BIOGARAN G Lamotrigine - 50mg 50mg Tablet, dispersible 985,037 L.L
N03AX09 LAMOTRIGINE NORMON G Lamotrigine - 50mg 50mg Tablet, dispersible/ chewable 1,643,519 L.L
N03AX09 LAMICTAL B Lamotrigine - 50mg 50mg Tablet 1,753,895 L.L
N03AG04 SABRIL B Vigabatrin - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 2,988,706 L.L
N03AG01 DEPAKINE B Sodium Valproate - 200mg/3.47ml 200mg/3.47ml Syrup 442,124 L.L
N03AG01 CONVULEX G Sodium Valproate - 50mg/ml 50mg/ml Syrup 213,671 L.L
N03AG01 DEPAKINE B Sodium Valproate - 200mg/ml 200mg/ml Solution 360,150 L.L
N03AG01 DEPAKINE B Sodium Valproate - 500mg 500mg Tablet, enteric coated 479,752 L.L
N03AG01 CONVULEX G Sodium Valproate - 300mg/ml 300mg/ml Solution 1,018,633 L.L
N03AG01 DEPAKINE B Sodium Valproate - 200mg 200mg Tablet, enteric coated 240,548 L.L
N03AG01 DEPAKINE B Sodium Valproate - 400mg 400mg Injectable lyophilised powder for solution+diluent 450,187 L.L
N03AG01 DEPAKINE CHRONO L.P. B Valproic acid - 145mg, Sodium Valproate - 333mg 500mg Tablet, coated, scored, prolonged release 362,837 L.L
N03AG01 CONVULEX RETARD G Sodium Valproate - 500mg 500mg Tablet, prolonged release 423,310 L.L
N03AG01 VALPROATE DE SODIUM ARROW LP G Sodium valproate - 500mg 500mg Tablet, coated, scored, prolonged release 253,986 L.L
N03AG01 VILAPRO CHRONO 500 G Sodium valproate - 333mg, Valproic acid - 145mg Tablet, film coated, prolonged release 217,702 L.L
N03AG01 CONVULEX G Sodium valproate - 100mg/ml 100mg/ml Injectable solution 4,441,399 L.L
N03AF04 ZEBINIX B Eslicarbazepine acetate - 800mg 800mg Tablet 11,123,961 L.L
N03AF01 APO-CARBAMAZEPINE G Carbamazepine - 200mg 200mg Tablet 727,019 L.L
N03AF01 NEUROTOP RETARD G Carbamazepine - 600mg 600mg Tablet, prolonged release 1,569,608 L.L
N03AF01 NEUROTOP RETARD G Carbamazepine - 300mg 300mg Tablet, prolonged release 931,283 L.L
N03AF01 TEGRETOL B Carbamazepine - 2% 2% Suspension 456,906 L.L
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