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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
C10AA05 TOVAST G Atorvastatin (calcium) - 40mg 40mg Tablet, film coated 2,412,197 L.L
C10AA05 TARDELIP G Atorvastatin - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 688,559 L.L
C10AA05 TARDELIP G Atorvastatin - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film coated 880,537 L.L
C10AA05 TARDELIP G Atorvastatin - 40mg 40mg Tablet, film coated 1,055,876 L.L
C10AA05 TARDELIP G Atorvastatin - 80mg 80mg Tablet, film coated 1,055,876 L.L
G02CX01 TRACTOCILE B Atosiban acetate - 7.5mg/ml 7.5mg/ml Injectable solution 2,592,272 L.L
G02CX01 TRACTOCILE B Atosiban acetate - 7.5mg/ml 7.5mg/ml Injectable solution 8,282,804 L.L
D06AX TRIPLE ANTIBIOTIC ORIGINAL OINTMENT Bacitracin - 400U, Neomycin (sulfate) - 3.5mg, Polymyxin B (sulfate) - 5000U 580,540 L.L
C02KX01 TRACTAN G Bosentan (monohydrate) - 125mg 125mg Tablet, film coated 47,747,570 L.L
C02KX01 TRACLEER B Bosentan (monohydrate) - 125mg 125mg Tablet, film coated 79,583,961 L.L
C02KX01 TRACLEER B Bosentan (monohydrate) - 125mg 125mg Tablet, film coated 79,583,961 L.L
C02KX01 TRACLEER B Bosentan (monohydrate) - 62.5mg 62.5mg Tablet, film coated 79,583,961 L.L
C02KX01 TRACLEER B Bosentan (monohydrate) - 62.5mg 62.5mg Tablet, film coated 79,583,961 L.L
C02KX01 TRACTAN G Bosentan (monohydrate) - 62.5mg 62.5mg Tablet, film coated 47,747,570 L.L
R05DB13 TUSSIN G Butamirate citrate - 7.5mg/5ml 7.5mg/5ml Syrup, sugar free 296,925 L.L
R05DB13 TUSSIN G Butamirate citrate - 7.5mg/5ml 7.5mg/5ml Syrup, sugar free 154,862 L.L
A02AC10 TUMS EXTRA STRENGTH 750 ASSORTED FRUIT B Calcium carbonate - 750mg Tablet, chewable 421,967 L.L
N03AF01 TEGRETOL B Carbamazepine - 2% 2% Suspension 456,906 L.L
J01DD04 TRAVILAN IM G Ceftriaxone (sodium) - 1g 1g Injectable lyophilised powder for solution+diluent 438,093 L.L
J01DD04 TRIAXONE G Ceftriaxone (sodium) - 1g 1g Injectable powder for solution 438,093 L.L
J01DD04 TRIAXONE G Ceftriaxone (sodium) - 1g 1g Injectable powder for solution 4,542,188 L.L
J01DD04 TRIAXONE G Ceftriaxone (sodium) - 500mg 500mg Injectable powder for solution+diluent 356,118 L.L
C07BB03 TENORETIC B Chlortalidone - 25mg, Atenolol - 100mg Tablet, film coated 291,614 L.L
N06BX06 TRAUSAN G Citicoline - 100mg/ml 100mg/ml Drops solution 807,649 L.L
B01AC04 TROKEN G Clopidogrel (Bisulfate) - 75mg 75mg Tablet, film coated 1,148,985 L.L
B01AC04 THROMBO G Clopidogrel - 75mg 75mg Tablet, film coated 764,646 L.L
B03AE10 TOT'HEMA B Copper (gluconate) - 0.70mg/10ml, Manganese (gluconate) - 1.33mg/10ml, Iron (gluconate) - 50mg/10ml Solution 604,729 L.L
M01AB05 TRATUL G Diclofenac Deanol - 90mg 90mg Injectable solution 490,503 L.L
M01AB05 TRATUL RETARD G Diclofenac Sodium - 100mg 100mg Tablet, film coated 866,778 L.L
D07XC04 TRAVOCORT B Diflucortolone valerate - 0.1%, Isoconazole nitrate - 1% Cream 435,405 L.L
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