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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
V03AE02 SEVELAMER CARBONATE ARROW G Sevelamer - 2.4g 2.4g Powder for suspension 12,969,932 L.L
V03AE01 CALCIUM RESONIUM B Calcium Polystyrene Sulphonate - 15g 15g Powder 2,053,391 L.L
V03AE01 RESINSODIO G Sodium polystyrene sulphonate - 99.75g/100g 99.75g/100g Powder for suspension 1,534,668 L.L
V03AC03 DIFIRAX G Deferasirox - 250mg 250mg Tablet, dispersible 23,213,276 L.L
V03AC03 ENFEROX G Deferasirox - 500mg 500mg Tablet, dispersible 37,720,158 L.L
V03AC03 DEFIROX G Deferasirox - 500mg 500mg Tablet, dispersible 38,502,953 L.L
V03AC03 DIFIRAX G Deferasirox - 500mg 500mg Tablet, dispersible 38,637,010 L.L
V03AC03 DEFEROXAL 90 G Deferasirox - 90mg 90mg Tablet, film coated 9,279,724 L.L
V03AC03 DEFERASIROX ARROW G Deferasirox - 90mg 90mg Tablet 8,846,092 L.L
V03AC03 JADENU B Deferasirox - 180mg 180mg Tablet, film coated 34,062,918 L.L
V03AC03 DEFEROXAL 180 G Deferasirox - 180mg 180mg Tablet, film coated 13,424,141 L.L
V03AC03 DEFERASIROX ARROW G Deferasirox - 180mg 180mg Tablet 13,280,846 L.L
V03AC03 JADENU B Deferasirox - 360mg 360mg Tablet, film coated 57,962,964 L.L
V03AC03 DEFEROXAL 360 G Deferasirox - 360mg 360mg Tablet, film coated 24,918,561 L.L
V03AC03 DEFERASIROX ARROW G Deferasirox - 360mg 360mg Tablet 18,379,327 L.L
V03AB37 PRAXBIND BioTech Idarucizumab - 50mg/ml 50mg/ml Injectable solution 272,626,167 L.L
V03AB35 BRIDION B Sugammadex - 100mg/ml 100mg/ml Injectable solution 54,230,830 L.L
V03AB14 PROSULF 1% B Protamine sulfate - 50mg/5ml 1% Injectable solution 8,216,459 L.L
V01AA STALORAL B Allergen extracts - 2 x 100IR ou IC/ml Solution 8,449,319 L.L
V01AA STALORAL B Allergen extracts - 300 IR ou IC/ml Solution 6,598,267 L.L
V01AA STALORAL B Allergen extracts - 10-100-100 IR ou IC/ml 10-100-100 IR ou IC/ml Solution 9,129,688 L.L
V01AA STALORAL B Allergen extracts - 10-300 IR ou IC/ml 10-300 IR ou IC/ml Solution 7,206,963 L.L
V01AA DIATER B Allergen extracts - Spray 26,856,672 L.L
V01AA DIATER B Allergen extracts - Spray 34,962,083 L.L
V01AA DIATER B Allergen extracts - Spray 35,697,531 L.L
V01AA DIATER B Allergen extracts - Spray 26,856,672 L.L
V01AA ACARIZAX 12 SQ-HDM ORAL LYOPHILISATE B Allergen extracts - 12 SQ-HDM Tablet, lyophilised 9,366,451 L.L
S03CA04 MYCICORT G Hydrocortisone acetate - 5mg, Neomycin sulfate - 5mg Drops suspension 166,381 L.L
S03AA30 SULFACHLOR G Sulfacetamide sodium - 110mg/ml, Chloramphenicol - 5mg/ml Drops solution 202,216 L.L
S03AA07 API-CIPROCIN G Ciprofloxacine (HCl) - 3mg/ml 3mg/ml Drops 530,818 L.L
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