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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
N03AX16 GABRIKA 25 G Pregabalin - 25mg 25mg Capsule 560,062 L.L
L01ED01 XALKORI B Crizotinib - 250mg 250mg Capsule 347,644,061 L.L
N03AX16 GABRIKA 25 G Pregabalin - 25mg 25mg Capsule 341,720 L.L
C09AA05 TRILTEC G Ramipril - 10mg 10mg Capsule 575,933 L.L
L01ED01 XALKORI B Crizotinib - 200mg 200mg Capsule 347,644,061 L.L
M01AE01 DOLORAZ 400 G Ibuprofen - 400mg 400mg Capsule 295,645 L.L
N03AX16 NEUREXAL G Pregabalin - 25mg 25mg Capsule 321,754 L.L
N03AX16 PLENICA G Pregabalin - 25mg 25mg Capsule 697,454 L.L
A04AD12 APREPITANT BIOGARAN G Aprepitant - 80mg 80mg Capsule 2,164,930 L.L
N03AX16 PMS-PREGABALIN G Pregabalin - 25mg 25mg Capsule 770,022 L.L
A04AD12 APREPITANT BIOGARAN 125MG APREPITANT BIOGARAN 80MG G Aprepitant - 125mg, Aprepitant - 80mg 125mg Capsule 3,246,723 L.L
N03AX16 PREGAFORTE 25 G Pregabalin - 25mg 25mg Capsule 700,078 L.L
A05AA02 URSOFALK B Ursodeoxycholic acid - 250mg 250mg Capsule 2,823,413 L.L
N06AB06 SERTRALINE BIOGARAN G Sertraline HCl - 50mg 50mg Capsule 520,067 L.L
M01AE01 ADVIL LIQUI-GELS EXTRA STRENGTH B Ibuprofen - 400mg 400mg Capsule 575,165 L.L
N06AB06 PMS-SERTRALINE G Sertraline HCl - 100mg 100mg Capsule 2,015,764 L.L
L04AA27 SCLEMOD G Fingolimod Hydrochloride - 0.5mg 0.5mg Capsule L.L
L01EF01 IBRANCE B Palbociclib - 75mg 75mg Capsule 172,164,216 L.L
N02AJ13 ALGODOL G Paracetamol - 325mg, Tramadol HCl - 37.5mg Capsule 317,403 L.L
L01EF01 PALBRANCE 75 G Palbociclib - 75mg 75mg Capsule 168,011,222 L.L
N06AB06 SERTRALINE BIOGARAN G Sertraline HCl - 25mg 25mg Capsule 130,353 L.L
L01EF01 IBRANCE B Palbociclib - 100mg 100mg Capsule 172,164,216 L.L
N02AX02 TRAMAL B Tramadol HCl - 50mg 50mg Capsule 349,399 L.L
L01EF01 PALBOMED G Palbociclib - 100mg 100mg Capsule 23,911,751 L.L
L01EF01 PALBRANCE 100 G Palbociclib - 100mg 100mg Capsule 168,011,222 L.L
L01EF01 IBRANCE B Palbociclib - 125mg 125mg Capsule 172,164,216 L.L
C10AA05 JOSWE ATORVAST 20 G Atorvastatin - 20mg 20mg Caplet, film coated 956,816 L.L
M01AE51 PROFINAL XP G Ibuprofen - 400mg, Caffeine - 65mg Caplet, film coated 286,238 L.L
C10AA05 JOSWE ATORVAST 40 G Atorvastatin - 40mg 40mg Caplet, film coated 1,327,716 L.L
N05AH03 PREXAL 5 G Olanzapine - 5mg 5mg Caplet, film coated 718,956 L.L
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