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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
N06AX16 VENLAFAXINE BIOGARAN LP G Venlafaxine HCl - 75mg 75mg Capsule, prolonged release 584,571 L.L
N06AX16 VENLAX XR 75 G Venlafaxine HCl - 75mg 75mg Capsule, extended release 895,895 L.L
N06AX16 VENLAX XR 75 G Venlafaxine HCl - 75mg 75mg Capsule, extended release 1,343,843 L.L
C08DA01 ISOPTIN SR B Verapamil (HCl) - 240mg 240mg Tablet, film coated, prolonged release 1,085,822 L.L
C08DA01 ISOPTIN B Verapamil (HCl) - 80mg 80mg Tablet, film coated 382,554 L.L
C08DA51 TARKA B Verapamil - 180mg, Trandolapril - 2mg Capsule, modified release 2,422,948 L.L
C08DA51 TARKA B Verapamil - 240mg, Trandolapril - 4mg Tablet, modified release 3,797,532 L.L
C01BG11 BRINAVESS B Vernakalant - 20mg/ml 20mg/ml Injectable concentrate for solution 41,821,582 L.L
N03AG04 SABRIL B Vigabatrin - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 2,988,706 L.L
R03AK10 RELVAR ELLIPTA B Vilanterol (trifenatate) - 25mcg/dose, Fluticasone furoate - 100mcg/dose Inhalation powder 3,928,052 L.L
R03AK10 RELVAR ELLIPTA B Vilanterol (trifenatate) - 25mcg/dose, Fluticasone furoate - 200mcg/dose Inhalation powder 3,928,052 L.L
R03AL03 ANORO ELLIPTA B Vilanterol - 25mcg, Umeclidinium bromide - 62.5mcg Inhalation powder 5,181,575 L.L
A10BH02 VLUDIN G Vildagliptin - 50mg 50mg Tablet 767,910 L.L
A10BH02 VLUDIN G Vildagliptin - 50mg 50mg Tablet 767,910 L.L
A10BH02 GALVUS B Vildagliptin - 50mg 50mg Tablet 950,097 L.L
A10BH02 GLUNORM G Vildagliptin - 50mg 50mg Tablet 611,448 L.L
A10BH02 VILDAVITAE G Vildagliptin - 50mg 50mg Tablet 665,202 L.L
A10BH02 VILDIAB G Vildagliptin - 50mg 50mg Tablet 806,306 L.L
L01CA02 CELLCRISTIN G Vincristine sulfate - 1mg/ml 1mg/ml Injectable solution 1,166,025 L.L
L01CA04 NAVELBINE B Vinorelbine (ditartrate) - 20mg 20mg Capsule, soft gelatin 4,048,997 L.L
L01CA04 NAVELBINE B Vinorelbine (ditartrate) - 30mg 30mg Capsule, soft gelatin 6,072,824 L.L
L01CA04 EBERELBIN G Vinorelbine (tartrate) - 50mg/5ml 50mg/5ml Injectable concentrated solution 6,834,783 L.L
L01XJ01 ERIVEDGE B Vismodegib - 150mg 150mg Capsule 465,368,012 L.L
A11A BEBE-VIT G Vitamin A - 1500IU/ml, Vitamin D3 - 400IU/ml, Vitamin E - 5mg/ml, Vitamin C - 40mg/ml, Vitamin B1 - 0.5mg/ml, Vitamin B2 - 0.6mg/ml, Vitamin B6 - 0.6mg/ml, Nicotinamide - 8mg/ml Drops 287,582 L.L
A11BA VITALIPID N INFANT B Vitamin A - 230IU/ml, Vitamin D2 - 40IU/ml, Vitamin E - 0.7IU/ml, Vitamin K1 - 20mcg/ml Injectable concentrate for solution 2,448,481 L.L
A11DB VITANOR G Vitamin B1 - 250mg, Vitamin B6 - 250mg, Vitamin B12 - 500mcg Tablet, film coated 946,065 L.L
A11DB NEUROBION B Vitamin B12 - 1000mcg, Vitamin B6 - 100mg, Vitamin B1 - 100mg Injectable solution 545,600 L.L
A11DB NEUROBION B Vitamin B12 - 1000mcg, Vitamin B6 - 100mg, Vitamin B1 - 100mg Injectable solution 287,582 L.L
A11DB NEURORUBINE G Vitamin B12 - 1mg, Vitamin B6 - 100mg, Vitamin B1 - 100mg Injectable solution 302,365 L.L
A11DB TRILAGAVIT G Vitamin B12 - 1mg, Vitamin B6 - 100mg, Vitamin B1 - 200mg Tablet, film coated 399,121 L.L
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