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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
A10BH05 TRAJENTA B Linagliptin - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated 3,213,127 L.L
C02LA51 ADELPHAN ESIDREX B Reserpine - 0.1mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 10mg, Dihydralazine - 10mg Tablet 371,157 L.L
C09BX02 COSYREL B Perindopril arginine - 10mg, Bisoprolol fumarate - 5mg Tablet, film coated, scored 749,864 L.L
J01CR02 AUGMENTIN B Amoxicillin (trihydrate) - 500mg, Clavulanic Acid (potassium) - 125mg 625mg Tablet 639,958 L.L
L01ED05 LORBRENA B Lorlatinib - 25mg 25mg Tablet 134,559,469 L.L
N02AA59 DOLOSPASMINE COMP B Codeine phosphate - 40 mg, Hexahydro-adipenine HCl - 50 mg, Propyphenazone - 500 mg Suppository 267,489 L.L
A07BA51 CARBOSYLANE B Simethicone (blue-red) - 45mg (blue-red), Activated charcoal (blue-red) - 140mg (blue-red) Capsule 585,915 L.L
C03AA03 ESIDREX B Hydrochlorothiazide - 25mg 25mg Tablet 380,115 L.L
C09CA01 COZAAR B Losartan potassium - 50mg 50mg Tablet 1,420,634 L.L
L01ED05 LORBRENA B Lorlatinib - 100mg 100mg Tablet 403,677,371 L.L
N06AB05 SEROXAT B Paroxetine (HCl) - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film coated 1,586,205 L.L
L01EX01 SUTENT B Sunitinib maleate - 12.5mg 12.5mg Capsule L.L
A07BA51 EUCARBON B Rhubarbe - 25mg, Sulfur - 50mg, Senna - 105mg, Vegetal charcoal - 180mg Tablet 795,555 L.L
C03BA04 HYGROTON B Chlortalidone - 50mg 50mg Tablet 422,351 L.L
G04BE03 VIAGRA B Sildenafil (citrate) - 100mg 100mg Tablet, film coated 2,089,675 L.L
L01EF01 IBRANCE B Palbociclib - 75mg 75mg Capsule 172,164,216 L.L
N02AB03 DUROGESIC B Fentanyl - 16.8mg 100mcg/h Patch 5,911,563 L.L
L01EX01 SUTENT B Sunitinib maleate - 50mg 50mg Capsule L.L
A07BC05 SMECTALIA B Diosmectite - 3g/sachet 3g/sachet Powder for suspension 935,570 L.L
B01AX05 ARIXTRA B Fondaparinux sodium - 2.5mg/0.5ml 2.5mg/0.5ml Injectable solution 5,341,774 L.L
C03BA11 FLUDEX B Indapamide - 1.5mg 1.5mg Tablet, sustained release 517,379 L.L
J01MA02 CIPROBAY B Ciprofloxacine (HCl) - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 654,451 L.L
L01EF01 IBRANCE B Palbociclib - 75mg 75mg Tablet, film coated 172,164,216 L.L
N02AB03 DUROGESIC B Fentanyl - 8.4mg 50mcg/h Patch 3,019,614 L.L
L01XX24 ONCASPAR B Pegaspargase - 750U/ml 750U/ml Injectable powder for solution L.L
A07BC05 SMECTALIA STRAWBERRY B Diosmectite - 3g/sachet 3g/sachet Powder for suspension 935,570 L.L
B01AX05 ARIXTRA B Fondaparinux sodium - 7.5mg/0.6ml 7.5mg/0.6ml Injectable solution 12,004,668 L.L
J07AH08 MENACTRA MENINGOCOCCAL POLYSACCHARIDE DIPHTERIA TOXOID CONJUGATE VACCINE B Meningococcal Polysaccharides (serogroups A, C, Y and W-135) - 4mcg/0.5ml each, Diphteria Toxoid Protein - 48mcg/0.5ml Injectable solution 6,144,048 L.L
N02AB03 DUROGESIC B Fentanyl - 4.2mg 25mcg/h Patch 1,509,135 L.L
R06AX CYPRO-BC B Cyproheptadine HCl - 2mg/5ml, Vitamin B3 - 5mg/5ml, Vitamin B6 - 0.60mg/5ml, Vitamin B2 - 0.75mg/5ml, Vitamin B1 - 0.60mg/5ml, Vitamin C - 20mg/5ml Syrup 449,227 L.L
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