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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
B05BB02 DEXTROSE 5% & SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% G Sodium chloride - 0.45g/100ml, Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml Injectable solution 240,255 L.L
B05BB02 DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% INJECTION, USP G Sodium chloride - 0.45%, Glucose - 5% Injectable solution 193,062 L.L
B05BB02 DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% INJECTION, USP G Sodium chloride - 0.45%, Glucose - 5% Injectable solution 180,421 L.L
M01AB55 DIFEN FLEX G Diclofenac sodium - 50mg, Pridinol mesylate - 4mg Tablet, film coated 575,165 L.L
B05BB02 DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% INJECTION, USP G Sodium chloride - 0.45%, Glucose - 5% Injectable solution 148,566 L.L
M01AB55 DIFEN FLEX G Diclofenac sodium - 75mg, Pridinol mesylate - 2.2mg Injectable solution 1,131,515 L.L
J05AR24 DELSTRIGO B Lamivudine - 300mg, Tenofovir disoproxil - 300mg, Doravirine - 100mg Tablet, film coated 48,879,793 L.L
M01AB55 DIFEN PLUS G Diclofenac potassium - 50mg, Betamethasone - 0.3mg Tablet, coated 503,941 L.L
J05AR27 DOLUTEGRAVIR/LAMIVUDINE/TENOFOVIR DISOPROXIL FUMARATE G Lamivudine - 300mg, Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate - 300mg, Dolutegravir - 50mg Tablet 54,836,160 L.L
M01AB55 DIFEN B12 G Diclofenac potassium - 50mg, Betamethasone - 0.3mg, Cyanocobalamin - 5mg Tablet 503,941 L.L
M01AB55 DIOXAFLEX B12 G Diclofenac sodium - 75mg, Betamethasone (sodium phosphate) - 2mg, Hydroxocobalamin sulphate - 10mg Injectable solution 1,104,639 L.L
N01BB52 DILOCAIN 2% G Lidocaine HCl - 20mg/1.7ml, Epinephrine (bitartrate) - 0.0125mg/1.7ml Injectable solution 2,768,316 L.L
M01AB55 DIOXAFLEX B12 G Diclofenac sodium - 75mg, Betamethasone (sodium phosphate) - 2mg, Hydroxocobalamin sulphate - 10mg Injectable solution 620,855 L.L
M01AB55 DIFEN B12 G Diclofenac sodium - 75mg, Prednisolone sodium phosphate - 10.08mg, Hydroxocobalamin acetate - 10.44mg Injectable solution 978,317 L.L
G03HB01 DIANE '35' B Ethinylestradiol - 0.035mg, Cyproterone acetate - 2mg Tablet 494,534 L.L
B05BB02 DEXTROSE 2.5% & SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% G Sodium chloride - 0.45g/100ml, Dextrose, H2O - 2.5g/100ml Injectable solution 176,974 L.L
B05BB02 DEXTROSE 2.5% & SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% G Sodium chloride - 0.45g/100ml, Dextrose, H2O - 2.5g/100ml Injectable solution 198,578 L.L
B05BB02 DEXTROSE 2.5% & SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% G Sodium chloride - 0.45g/100ml, Dextrose, H2O - 2.5g/100ml Injectable solution 224,090 L.L
B05BB02 DEXTROSE 2.5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% INJECTION, USP G Sodium chloride - 0.45%, Glucose - 2.5% Injectable solution 185,018 L.L
B05BB02 DEXTROSE 2.5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% INJECTION, USP G Sodium chloride - 0.45%, Glucose - 2.5% Injectable solution 174,675 L.L
B05BB02 DEXTROSE 2.5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% INJECTION, USP G Sodium chloride - 0.45%, Glucose - 2.5% Injectable solution 148,566 L.L
R06AX DELINE CORT G Desloratadine - 5mg/5ml, Betamethasone - 0.25mg/5ml Syrup 693,679 L.L
R06AX DESLAMED FORTE G Desloratadine - 1mg/ml, Betamethasone - 0.05mg/ml Syrup 1,009,802 L.L
R06AX DESLAMED FORTE G Desloratadine - 1mg/ml, Betamethasone - 0.05mg/ml Syrup 673,201 L.L
R06AX DESLOCORT G Desloratadine - 1mg/ml, Betamethasone - 0.05mg/ml Syrup 1,009,802 L.L
R06AX DESLOCORT G Desloratadine - 1mg/ml, Betamethasone - 0.05mg/ml Syrup 673,201 L.L
B05BB02 DEXTROSE 5% IN LACTATED RINGER'S G Sodium lactate - 0.31g/100ml, Calcium chloride 2H2O - 0.02g/100ml, Potassium chloride - 0.03g/100ml, Sodium chloride - 0.598g/100ml, Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml Injectable solution 207,404 L.L
N02AA59 DOLOSPASMINE COMP B Codeine phosphate - 40 mg, Hexahydro-adipenine HCl - 50 mg, Propyphenazone - 500 mg Suppository 267,489 L.L
B05BB02 DEXTROSE 5% & SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.2% G Sodium chloride - 0.2g/100ml, Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml Injectable solution 194,165 L.L
B05BB02 DEXTROSE 5% & SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.2% G Sodium chloride - 0.2g/100ml, Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml Injectable solution 220,643 L.L
    ...
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