Coronavirus: Invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent	Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). 1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals. - Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...) - Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease. 2) Novel coronavirus: - Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003. - Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012 - Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period	- HCoV: 2-4 days - SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days) - MERS-CoV: 2-14 days - COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility	- HCoV: during the active disease - SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days - MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown. - COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir	- HCoV: Humans - SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals - MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission	- HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites - SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...) - MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone - COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation	- HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis... - SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%. - MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%. - COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV - MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV - MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms	- General reporting form - Novel Coronavirus reporting form - Laboratory request form - Patient transfert request form - SARS-CoV investigation form - MERS-CoV investigation form
Data	- SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003 - MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017 - COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources	- Specimen collection for COVID-19 - Questions and Answers - Presentation: coronavirus, A, E - Presentation: resources, A, E - Presentation: questions and answers, A, E - Presentation: case definition, A, E - Presentation: specimen collection, A, E - Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E

ATC	Name	B/G	Ingredients	Dosage	Form	Price
C09BB04	COVERAM	B	Perindopril arginine - 10mg, Amlodipine - 10mg		Tablet	1,116,733 L.L
C09BB04	COVERAM	B	Perindopril arginine - 10mg, Amlodipine - 5mg		Tablet	1,116,733 L.L
C09BX02	COSYREL	B	Perindopril arginine - 10mg, Bisoprolol fumarate - 5mg		Tablet, film coated, scored	749,864 L.L
C09AA04	COVERSYL ARGININE	B	Perindopril arginine - 5mg	5mg	Tablet, film coated	452,875 L.L
C09BB04	COVERAM	B	Perindopril arginine - 5mg, Amlodipine - 5mg		Tablet	821,088 L.L
C09BX02	COSYREL	B	Perindopril arginine - 5mg, Bisoprolol fumarate - 5mg		Tablet, film coated, scored	749,864 L.L
N06BX03	CEBROTONIN	G	Piracetam - 800mg	800mg	Tablet, film coated	577,852 L.L
B05XA01	CHLORURE DE POTASSIUM PROAMP	G	Potassium chloride - 0.0746g/ml	0.0746g/ml	Injectable concentrated solution	1,252,461 L.L
B05XA01	CHLORURE DE POTASSIUM RENAUDIN	G	Potassium chloride - 10g/100ml	10g/100ml	Injectable solution	360,150 L.L
B05ZA	CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS TYPE E	G	Potassium chloride - 2.611g/l, Magnesium chloride, 6H2O - 5.32g/l, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 7.00g/l, Sodium acetate, 3H2O - 190.505g/l, Sodium chloride - 205.49g/l		Injectable solution	L.L
B05ZA	CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS TYPE C	G	Potassium chloride - 2.611g/l, Magnesium chloride, 6H2O - 5.33g/l, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 8.99g/l, Sodium acetate, 3H2O - 190.505g/l, Sodium chloride - 204.54g/l		Injectable solution	L.L
B05ZA	CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS TYPE F	G	Potassium chloride - 3.914g/l, Magnesium chloride, 6H2O - 3.558g/l, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 7.719g/l, Acetic acid 100% - 6.010ml/l, Sodium chloride - 208.631g/l		Injectable solution	L.L
B05ZA	CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS TYPE SG	G	Potassium chloride - 3.92g/l, Magnesium chloride, 6H2O - 5.32g/l, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 8.99g/l, Sodium acetate, 3H2O - 166.7g/l, Sodium chloride - 214.76g/l		Injectable solution	L.L
B05ZA	CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS TYPE D	G	Potassium chloride - 5.215g/l, Magnesium chloride, 6H2O - 5.32g/l, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 8.99g/l, Sodium acetate, 3H2O - 166.7g/l, Sodium chloride - 214.76g/l		Injectable solution	L.L
B05XA01	CHLORURE DE POTASSIUM RENAUDIN	G	Potassium chloride - 7.46g/100ml	7.46%	Injectable solution	385,683 L.L
B05ZA	CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS R	G	Potassium chloride - K+:1.00 mmol/l, Magnesium chloride - Mg++:0.75 mmol/l, Calcium chloride - Ca++:1.40 mmol/l, Sodium acetate - Cl-:105.8 mmol/l, Sodium chloride - Na+:140.5 mmol/l		Injectable solution	L.L
B05ZA	CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS LS2	G	Potassium chloride - K+:1.5 mmol/l, Magnesium chloride - Mg++:0.75 mmol/l, Calcium chloride - Ca++:1.5 mmol/l, Sodium acetate - Cl-:111 mmol/l, Sodium chloride - Na+:140 mmol/l		Injectable solution	L.L
B05ZA	CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS L	G	Potassium chloride - K+:1.5 mmol/l, Magnesium chloride - Mg++:0.75 mmol/l, Calcium chloride - Ca++:1.75 mmol/l, Sodium acetate - Cl-:106.5 mmol/l, Sodium chloride - Na+:135 mmol/l		Injectable solution	L.L
B05ZA	CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS LS	G	Potassium chloride - K+:1.5 mmol/l, Magnesium chloride - Mg++:0.75 mmol/l, Calcium chloride - Ca++:1.75 mmol/l, Sodium acetate - Cl-:111.5 mmol/l, Sodium chloride - Na+:140 mmol/l		Injectable solution	L.L
B05ZA	CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS LS3	G	Potassium chloride - K+:2.00 mmol/l, Magnesium chloride - Mg++:0.75 mmol/l, Calcium chloride - Ca++:1.60 mmol/l, Sodium acetate - Cl-:112 mmol/l, Sodium chloride - Na+:140 mmol/l		Injectable solution	L.L
B05ZA	CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS LM	G	Potassium chloride - K+:2.00 mmol/l, Magnesium chloride - Mg++:0.75 mmol/l, Calcium chloride - Ca++:1.75 mmol/l, Sodium acetate - Cl-:112 mmol/l, Sodium chloride - Na+:140 mmol/l		Injectable solution	L.L
G03DA04	CYCLOGEST	G	Progesterone - 400mg	400mg	Pessary	1,546,763 L.L
G03DA04	CRINONE	B	Progesterone - 8%	8%	Gel	4,734,357 L.L
R06AD52	CODOPALM	G	Promethazine HCl - 5mg/5ml, Sodium gentisate - 0.5mg/5ml		Syrup	149,742 L.L
A06AX05	CONSTIPRIDE	G	Prucalopride succinate - 1mg	1mg	Tablet, film coated	2,015,764 L.L
A06AX05	CONSTIPRIDE	G	Prucalopride succinate - 2mg	2mg	Tablet, film coated	2,956,454 L.L
R06AA59	CARIBAN	B	Pyridoxine HCl - 10mg, Doxylamine succinate - 10mg		Capsule, hard, modified release	1,701,305 L.L
A11JC	CYSTINE B6 BAILLEUL	B	Pyridoxine HCl - 50mg, L-Cystine - 500mg		Tablet, coated	862,747 L.L
L01FG02	CYRAMZA	BioTech	Ramucirumab - 100mg/10ml	100mg/10ml	Injectable solution	47,779,251 L.L
L01FG02	CYRAMZA	BioTech	Ramucirumab - 500mg/50ml	500mg/50ml	Injectable solution	218,656,548 L.L