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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
J05AB11 VALACICLOVIR ARROW G Valaciclovir - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated, breakable 2,889,261 L.L
J05AB11 VALCYK BENTA G Valaciclovir - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 4,318,214 L.L
J05AB11 VALCYK BENTA G Valaciclovir - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 945,809 L.L
L01XG01 VELZOME G Bortezomib - 3.5mg 3.5mg Injectable powder for solution 17,462,517 L.L
J05AB14 VAGLONAX G Valganciclovir (HCl) - 450mg 450mg Tablet, film coated 49,858,549 L.L
J05AB14 VALGANCICLOVIR ARROW G Valganciclovir (HCl) - 450mg 450mg Tablet, coated 44,309,215 L.L
C09DX01 VIOSTAN AM PLUS 160/5/25 G Valsartan - 160mg, Amlodipine - 5mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 25mg Tablet, film coated 1,196,020 L.L
J05AF05 VICONDINE G Lamivudine - 150mg 150mg Tablet, film coated 3,573,725 L.L
C09DX01 VIOSTAN AM PLUS 160/10/12.5 G Valsartan - 160mg, Amlodipine - 10mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet, film coated 1,196,020 L.L
C09DX01 VIOSTAN AM PLUS 160/10/25 G Valsartan - 160mg, Amlodipine - 10mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 25mg Tablet, film coated 1,196,020 L.L
D05AA VASELINE ICHTYOLEE G Ichthyamol - 10% 10% Ointment 103,668 L.L
C09DX01 VIOSTAN AM PLUS 160/5/12.5 G Valsartan - 160mg, Amlodipine - 5mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet, film coated 1,196,020 L.L
C09DX01 VIOSTAN AM PLUS 320/10/25 G Valsartan - 320mg, Amlodipine - 10mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 25mg Tablet, film coated 1,881,380 L.L
J01AA08 VULGA XR G Minocycline - 105mg 105mg Tablet, film coated 3,682,128 L.L
J01AA08 VULGA XR G Minocycline - 80mg 80mg Tablet, film coated 2,832,820 L.L
J01AA08 VULGA XR G Minocycline - 55mg 55mg Tablet, film coated 1,983,512 L.L
N03AX12 VOLAR G Gabapentin - 300mg 300mg Capsule 1,100,607 L.L
J05AH02 VIRIFLU G Oseltamivir - 75mg 75mg Capsule 1,371,615 L.L
A04AA01 VOMITRON G Ondansetron (HCl) - 4mg/5ml 4mg/5ml Solution 858,779 L.L
A10BD08 VILDIAB M 50/1000 G Metformin HCl - 1000mg, Vildagliptin - 50mg Tablet, film coated 1,029,383 L.L
A04AA01 VOMITRON G Ondansetron (HCl) - 4mg/5ml 4mg/5ml Solution 304,604 L.L
A10BD08 VLUDIN MET G Metformin HCl - 1000mg, Vildagliptin - 50mg Tablet, film coated 735,914 L.L
C10AA01 VASCOR G Simvastatin - 10mg 10mg Tablet, scored 284,127 L.L
M01AB05 VOLDEN G Diclofenac sodium - 75mg/3ml 75mg/3ml Injectable solution 422,351 L.L
A04AA01 VOMITRON G Ondansetron - 16mg 16mg Suppository 578,492 L.L
A10BD08 VILDIAB M 50/850 G Metformin HCl - 850mg, Vildagliptin - 50mg Tablet, film coated 1,029,383 L.L
M01AB05 VOTREX G Diclofenac sodium - 75mg/3ml 75mg/3ml Injectable solution 345,368 L.L
A04AA01 VOMITRON G Ondansetron - 16mg 16mg Suppository 304,604 L.L
A10BD08 VLUDIN MET G Metformin HCl - 850mg, Vildagliptin - 50mg Tablet, film coated 735,914 L.L
J05AR06 VITRICOMB G Emtricitabine - 200mg, Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate - 300mg, Efavirenz - 600mg Tablet, film coated 22,191,783 L.L
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