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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
L01FA01 TRUXIMA BioTech Rituximab - 500mg/50ml 500mg/50ml Injectable concentrate for solution 69,144,591 L.L
A10BJ05 TRULICITY BioTech Dulaglutide - 0.75mg/0.5ml 0.75mg/0.5ml Injectable solution 10,165,201 L.L
G04CA02 TALUSIN G Tamsulosin HCl - 0.4mg 0.4mg Capsule, modified release 683,440 L.L
J01DD04 TRIAXONE G Ceftriaxone (sodium) - 500mg 500mg Injectable powder for solution+diluent 356,118 L.L
J01XA02 TEICO MEDIS 400 G Teicoplanin - 400mg 400mg Injectable lyophilised powder 1,157,048 L.L
J01XA02 TEICO MEDIS 200 G Teicoplanin - 200mg 200mg Injectable lyophilised powder 428,686 L.L
J01DD04 TRIAXONE G Ceftriaxone (sodium) - 1g 1g Injectable powder for solution 438,093 L.L
M03BB52 TRANCODEX G Paracetamol - 450mg, Chlormezanone - 100mg Tablet 99,828 L.L
C09CA07 TOLURA G Telmisartan - 40mg 40mg Tablet 532,162 L.L
C09CA07 TELMICARD 40 G Telmisartan - 40mg 40mg Tablet 659,123 L.L
J01DD04 TRAVILAN IM G Ceftriaxone (sodium) - 1g 1g Injectable lyophilised powder for solution+diluent 438,093 L.L
L04AD02 TACROGRAF 1 G Tacrolimus - 1mg 1mg Capsule 12,679,940 L.L
J01DD04 TRIAXONE G Ceftriaxone (sodium) - 1g 1g Injectable powder for solution 4,542,188 L.L
C09CA07 TOLURA G Telmisartan - 80mg 80mg Tablet 698,798 L.L
C09CA07 TELMICARD 80 G Telmisartan - 80mg 80mg Tablet 865,179 L.L
L04AD02 TACROGRAF 5 G Tacrolimus - 5mg 5mg Capsule 67,507,154 L.L
R05CA12 TOUCALM G Dried Ivy leaf extract - 0.7g/100ml 0.7g/100ml Syrup 300,765 L.L
D11AH01 TACRUS G Tacrolimus monohydrate - 0.1% 0.1% Ointment 1,857,190 L.L
L04AD02 TACROGRAF 0.5 G Tacrolimus - 0.5mg 0.5mg Capsule 7,004,024 L.L
D11AX TRIO-2000 G Hydroquinone - 4%, Tretinoin - 0.05%, Hydrocortisone acetate - 1% Ointment 2,495,068 L.L
R05CB01 TREBON N G Acetylcysteine - 600mg 600mg Granules for suspension 596,666 L.L
B03AA07 TIMOFEROL G Iron bivalent (as dried ferrous sulfate) - 50mg (172.73mg), Ascorbic acid - 30mg Capsule 618,105 L.L
G01AA51 TERGYNAN G Nystatin - 100000IU, Neomycin (sulfate) - 65000IU, Metronidazole - 500mg Tablet 348,055 L.L
R05DB13 TUSSIN G Butamirate citrate - 7.5mg/5ml 7.5mg/5ml Syrup, sugar free 296,925 L.L
R05DB13 TUSSIN G Butamirate citrate - 7.5mg/5ml 7.5mg/5ml Syrup, sugar free 154,862 L.L
J02AC02 TRACON G Itraconazole - 100mg 100mg Capsule 559,038 L.L
N03AX11 TORAMAT G Topiramate - 25mg 25mg Tablet, film coated 522,755 L.L
N03AX11 TOPIRATE 25 BENTA G Topiramate - 25mg 25mg Tablet, film coated 671,921 L.L
R05X TRIMEDIL FORTE G O-(?-hydroxyethyl)-rutosides - 30mg, Ascorbic acid - 80mg, Dimethindene - 0.5mg, Phenylephrine HCl - 2.5mg, Paracetamol - 200mg Capsule 386,515 L.L
L04AX07 TECFEO 240 G Dimethyl Fumarate - 240mg 240mg Capsule, delayed release 67,784,092 L.L
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