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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
A04AA01 ODNATRON G Ondansetron (HCl dihydrate) - 8mg/4ml 8mg/4ml Injectable solution 952,784 L.L
A04AA01 ONDANSETRON HIKMA G Ondansetron (HCl dihydrate) - 8mg/4ml 8mg/4ml Injectable solution 4,018,089 L.L
A04AA01 ONDANSETRON RENAUDIN G Ondansetron (HCl dihydrate) - 8mg/4ml 8mg/4ml Injectable solution 4,345,987 L.L
A04AA01 ONDAKEY G Ondansetron (HCl dihydrate) - 8mg 8mg Tablet, film coated 2,241,529 L.L
A04AA01 ONDANSETRON MEDIS G Ondansetron (HCl dihydrate) - 8mg 8mg Tablet, film coated 748,520 L.L
A04AA01 ODNATRON G Ondansetron (HCl dihydrate) - 4mg/2ml 4mg/2ml Injectable solution 880,217 L.L
A04AA01 ONDANSETRON HIKMA G Ondansetron (HCl dihydrate) - 4mg/2ml 4mg/2ml Injectable solution 2,228,091 L.L
A04AA01 ONDANSETRON RENAUDIN G Ondansetron (HCl dihydrate) - 4mg/2ml 4mg/2ml Injectable solution 2,964,517 L.L
A02BC01 OMEPRAL G Omeprazole - 40mg 40mg Capsule, delayed release 499,142 L.L
A02BC01 OMEPRAZOLE ARROW G Omeprazole - 40mg 40mg Injectable powder for solution 454,219 L.L
A02BC01 OMEDAR G Omeprazole - 20mg 20mg Tablet, enteric coated 18,087,352 L.L
A02BC01 OMEPRAL G Omeprazole - 20mg 20mg Capsule, delayed release 213,735 L.L
A02BC01 OMEPRAZOLE PHARMADEX G Omeprazole - 20mg 20mg Capsule 415,951 L.L
A02BC01 OMEPRAZOLE PHARMADEX G Omeprazole - 20mg 20mg Capsule 15,757,784 L.L
A02BC01 OMEZOL BENTA G Omeprazole - 20mg 20mg Capsule 550,336 L.L
A02BC01 OMEZOL BENTA G Omeprazole - 20mg 20mg Capsule 317,403 L.L
A02BC01 OMEPRAL G Omeprazole - 20mg 20mg Powder for suspension 712,876 L.L
A02BC01 OMEPRAL G Omeprazole - 10mg 10mg Powder for suspension 890,776 L.L
A02BC01 OMEPRAZOLE VIANEX G Omeprazole (sodium) - 40mg 40mg Injectable powder for solution+diluent 467,657 L.L
A02BC01 OMEPRAZOLE-ORBUCELL G Omeprazole (sodium) - 40mg 40mg Injectable solution 3,839,550 L.L
S01GX09 OLOPAT G Olopatadine (HCl) - 0.1% 0.1% Drops solution 524,099 L.L
S01GX09 OLOPAT UD G Olopatadine (HCl) - 0.1% 0.1% Drops solution 1,523,917 L.L
C09DA08 OLMENOR PLUS G Olmesartan medoxomil - 40mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 25mg Tablet, film coated 653,107 L.L
C09DA08 OLMENOR PLUS G Olmesartan medoxomil - 40mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet, film coated 653,107 L.L
C09DB02 OLMENOR COMBI G Olmesartan medoxomil - 40mg, Amlodipine - 5mg Tablet, film coated 772,709 L.L
C09DX03 OLMENOR TRIPLE G Olmesartan medoxomil - 40mg, Amlodipine (besylate) - 5mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 25mg Tablet, film coated 1,067,011 L.L
C09DX03 OLMENOR TRIPLE G Olmesartan medoxomil - 40mg, Amlodipine (besylate) - 5mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet, film coated 1,067,011 L.L
C09DX03 OLMENOR TRIPLE G Olmesartan medoxomil - 40mg, Amlodipine (besylate) - 10mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 25mg Tablet, film coated 1,067,011 L.L
C09DX03 OLMENOR TRIPLE G Olmesartan medoxomil - 40mg, Amlodipine (besylate) - 10mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet, film coated 1,067,011 L.L
C09CA08 OLMETEC B Olmesartan medoxomil - 40mg 40mg Tablet, film coated 920,532 L.L
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