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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
L04AA06 IMUNOCELL G Mycophenolate mofetil - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 3,791,428 L.L
L01FF03 IMFINZI BioTech Durvalumab - 500mg/10ml 500mg/10ml Injectable solution 227,939,689 L.L
L01FF03 IMFINZI BioTech Durvalumab - 500mg/10ml 500mg/10ml Injectable solution 227,939,689 L.L
L01FF03 IMFINZI BioTech Durvalumab - 500mg/10ml 500mg/10ml Injectable solution L.L
L01FF03 IMFINZI BioTech Durvalumab - 500mg/10ml 500mg/10ml Injectable solution L.L
L01FF03 IMFINZI BioTech Durvalumab - 500mg/10ml 500mg/10ml Injectable solution L.L
L01FF03 IMFINZI BioTech Durvalumab - 500mg/10ml 500mg/10ml Injectable solution L.L
J06BB04 IMMUNOGLOBULINE HUMAINE DE L'HEPATITE B LFB BioHuman Hepatitis B immunoglobulin (human) - 500UI/5ml 500UI/5ml Injectable solution 26,599,935 L.L
N02CC01 IMIGRAN B Sumatriptan (succinate) - 50mg 50mg Tablet, film coated 378,964 L.L
L04AX01 IMURAN B Azathioprine - 50mg 50mg Tablet 2,030,546 L.L
N05AX13 INVEGA SUSTENNA B Paliperidone palmitate - 50mg 50mg Injectable suspension, prolonged release 9,661,754 L.L
M02AA13 IBUSTICK G Ibuprofen - 50mg/g 50mg/g Gel, roll on 857,372 L.L
J06BA02 IG VENA BioHuman Human normal immunoglobulin - 5g/100ml 5g/100ml Injectable solution 28,622,366 L.L
C01EB17 IVABRADINE ARROW G Ivabradine (HCl) - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated, scored 1,323,685 L.L
L01EK01 INLYTA B Axitinib - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated 184,486,511 L.L
A10BH05 INAGLIP G Linagliptin - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated 1,242,606 L.L
N05CD08 IPNODIS MEDIS G Midazolam - 5mg/ml 5mg/ml Injectable solution 565,758 L.L
B02BD04 IMMUNINE BioHuman Plasma coagulation factor IX, human - 600IU 600IU Injectable lyophilised powder for solution+diluent 20,506,214 L.L
M01AE01 IBUPROFEN B. BRAUN G Ibuprofen - 600mg/100ml 600mg/100ml Injectable solution 550,975 L.L
G03AC08 IMPLANON NXT B Etonogestrel - 68mg 68mg Implant 12,299,971 L.L
N05AX13 INVEGA B Paliperidone - 6mg 6mg Tablet, extended release 5,825,557 L.L
P02CF01 IVER G Ivermectin - 6mg 6mg Tablet 431,373 L.L
P02CF01 IVERMECTIN BENTA G Ivermectin - 6mg 6mg Tablet 784,548 L.L
P02CF01 IVERMECTIN BENTA G Ivermectin - 6mg 6mg Tablet 470,985 L.L
C01EB17 IVABRADINE ARROW G Ivabradine (HCl) - 7.5mg 7.5mg Tablet, film coated, scored 1,323,685 L.L
N05AX13 INVEGA SUSTENNA B Paliperidone palmitate - 75mg 75mg Injectable suspension, prolonged release 13,877,673 L.L
L01EF01 IBRANCE B Palbociclib - 75mg 75mg Capsule 172,164,216 L.L
L01EF01 IBRANCE B Palbociclib - 75mg 75mg Tablet, film coated 172,164,216 L.L
C08DA01 ISOPTIN B Verapamil (HCl) - 80mg 80mg Tablet, film coated 362,150 L.L
N05AX13 INVEGA B Paliperidone - 9mg 9mg Tablet, extended release 5,825,557 L.L
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