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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
L02BA03 FASLODEX B Fulvestrant - 250mg/5ml 250mg/5ml Injectable solution 46,628,557 L.L
L02BA03 FUXRAN G Fulvestrant - 250mg/5ml 250mg/5ml Injectable solution 35,861,618 L.L
L02BA03 FASLODEX B Fulvestrant - 250mg/5ml 250mg/5ml Injectable solution L.L
A10BK03 FLORIANCE 25 G Empagliflozin - 25mg 25mg Tablet, film coated 1,791,790 L.L
N03AX22 FYCOMPA B Perampanel - 2mg 2mg Tablet, film coated 1,138,235 L.L
R03DX10 FASENRA B Benralizumab - 30mg 30mg Injectable solution 214,213,273 L.L
A16AB04 FABRAZYME BioTech Agalsidase beta - 35mg 35mg Injectable powder for concentrate for solution L.L
A16AB04 FABRAZYME BioTech Agalsidase beta - 35mg 35mg Injectable powder for concentrate for solution 295,038,213 L.L
J01XX01 FOSFOLAG G Fosfomycine (trométamol) - 3g 3g Granules for solution 399,121 L.L
J01XX01 FOSFOKEY G Fosfomycine (trométamol) - 3g 3g Granules for solution 399,121 L.L
S01AE01 FLOXIGEN G Ofloxacin - 3mg/ml 3mg/ml Drops solution 358,806 L.L
S01AE01 FLOXEDOL G Ofloxacin - 3mg/ml 3mg/ml Gel 339,992 L.L
J01DD08 FIXIM G Cefixime (trihydrate) - 400mg 400mg Capsule 1,435,224 L.L
J01MA14 FLOXIMOX G Moxifloxacin (HCl) - 400mg 400mg Tablet, film coated 1,062,276 L.L
A02BA03 FAMODAR 40 G Famotidine - 40mg 40mg Tablet, film coated 552,319 L.L
A02BA03 FAMONOR G Famotidine - 40mg 40mg Tablet, film coated 439,436 L.L
C03CA01 FUROSETIC G Furosemide - 40mg 40mg Tablet, scored 121,586 L.L
C03CA01 FURESIX 40 G Furosemide - 40mg 40mg Tablet 166,381 L.L
N03AX22 FYCOMPA B Perampanel - 4mg 4mg Tablet, film coated 8,751,127 L.L
G01AF01 FLAGYL B Metronidazole - 500mg 500mg Ovule 249,955 L.L
V03AE03 FOSRENOL B Lanthanum Carbonate - 500mg 500mg Tablet, chewable 18,751,847 L.L
P01AB01 FLAGYL B Metronidazole - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 310,428 L.L
N02BE01 FEBRADOL G Paracetamol - 500mg 500mg Tablet 327,642 L.L
J01MA12 FLOXIN-L 500 G Levofloxacin (hemihydrate) - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 831,903 L.L
J01MA12 FLOBIOX G Levofloxacin - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 629,686 L.L
J01MA12 FLOBIOX G Levofloxacin - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 794,787 L.L
B03AC FERINJECT B Iron trivalent (ferric carboxymaltose) - 500mg/10ml 500mg/10ml Injectable solution 10,212,033 L.L
B02BD03 FEIBA BioHuman Factor VIII Inhibitor bypassing fraction - 500IU 500U (50U/ml) Injectable powder for solution+solvent 36,861,820 L.L
R03BA05 FLIXOTIDE EVOHALER B Fluticasone propionate - 50mcg/actuation 50mcg/actuation Inhalation suspension 671,921 L.L
J02AC01 FUNZOL 50 G Fluconazole - 50mg 50mg Capsule 373,588 L.L
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