Coronavirus: Invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent	Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). 1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals. - Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...) - Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease. 2) Novel coronavirus: - Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003. - Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012 - Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period	- HCoV: 2-4 days - SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days) - MERS-CoV: 2-14 days - COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility	- HCoV: during the active disease - SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days - MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown. - COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir	- HCoV: Humans - SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals - MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission	- HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites - SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...) - MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone - COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation	- HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis... - SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%. - MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%. - COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV - MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV - MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms	- General reporting form - Novel Coronavirus reporting form - Laboratory request form - Patient transfert request form - SARS-CoV investigation form - MERS-CoV investigation form
Data	- SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003 - MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017 - COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources	- Specimen collection for COVID-19 - Questions and Answers - Presentation: coronavirus, A, E - Presentation: resources, A, E - Presentation: questions and answers, A, E - Presentation: case definition, A, E - Presentation: specimen collection, A, E - Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E

ATC	Name	B/G	Ingredients	Dosage	Form	Price
L01EA01	CEMIVIL	G	Imatinib - 100mg	100mg	Tablet, film coated	16,466,387 L.L
G03DA04	CYCLOGEST	G	Progesterone - 400mg	400mg	Pessary	1,546,763 L.L
C09DB07	CANDAM	G	Candesartan cilexetil - 8mg, Amlodipine - 5mg		Capsule, hard	1,376,095 L.L
J01DH51	CELLABAXIN	G	Imipenem (monohydrate) - 500mg, Cilastatin (sodium) - 500mg		Injectable solution	10,699,559 L.L
B05ZA	CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS TYPE C	G	Potassium chloride - 2.611g/l, Magnesium chloride, 6H2O - 5.33g/l, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 8.99g/l, Sodium acetate, 3H2O - 190.505g/l, Sodium chloride - 204.54g/l		Injectable solution	L.L
C09DB07	CORONOPINE	G	Candesartan cilexetil - 8mg, Amlodipine - 5mg		Capsule, hard	1,368,032 L.L
B05ZA	CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS TYPE D	G	Potassium chloride - 5.215g/l, Magnesium chloride, 6H2O - 5.32g/l, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 8.99g/l, Sodium acetate, 3H2O - 166.7g/l, Sodium chloride - 214.76g/l		Injectable solution	L.L
C09DB07	CANDAM	G	Candesartan cilexetil - 16mg, Amlodipine - 5mg		Capsule, hard	1,376,095 L.L
B05ZA	CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS TYPE E	G	Potassium chloride - 2.611g/l, Magnesium chloride, 6H2O - 5.32g/l, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 7.00g/l, Sodium acetate, 3H2O - 190.505g/l, Sodium chloride - 205.49g/l		Injectable solution	L.L
C09DB07	CORONOPINE	G	Candesartan cilexetil - 16mg, Amlodipine - 5mg		Capsule, hard	1,638,144 L.L
B05ZA	CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS TYPE F	G	Potassium chloride - 3.914g/l, Magnesium chloride, 6H2O - 3.558g/l, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 7.719g/l, Acetic acid 100% - 6.010ml/l, Sodium chloride - 208.631g/l		Injectable solution	L.L
C09DB07	CANDAM	G	Candesartan cilexetil - 16mg, Amlodipine - 10mg		Capsule, hard	1,376,095 L.L
B05ZA	CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS TYPE SG	G	Potassium chloride - 3.92g/l, Magnesium chloride, 6H2O - 5.32g/l, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 8.99g/l, Sodium acetate, 3H2O - 166.7g/l, Sodium chloride - 214.76g/l		Injectable solution	L.L
C09DB07	CORONOPINE	G	Candesartan cilexetil - 16mg, Amlodipine - 10mg		Capsule, hard	1,540,044 L.L
B05ZA	CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS L	G	Potassium chloride - K+:1.5 mmol/l, Magnesium chloride - Mg++:0.75 mmol/l, Calcium chloride - Ca++:1.75 mmol/l, Sodium acetate - Cl-:106.5 mmol/l, Sodium chloride - Na+:135 mmol/l		Injectable solution	L.L
C09DB07	CORONOPINE	G	Candesartan cilexetil - 8mg, Amlodipine - 10mg		Capsule, hard	1,368,032 L.L
J01EE01	CO-TRIMOXAZOLE	G	Trimethoprim - 160mg, Sulfamethoxazole - 800mg		Tablet	7,529,090 L.L
L01EJ01	CELEZON	G	Ruxolitinib - 5mg	5mg	Tablet	L.L
B05ZA	CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS LM	G	Potassium chloride - K+:2.00 mmol/l, Magnesium chloride - Mg++:0.75 mmol/l, Calcium chloride - Ca++:1.75 mmol/l, Sodium acetate - Cl-:112 mmol/l, Sodium chloride - Na+:140 mmol/l		Injectable solution	L.L
J01BA01	CHLORAMPHENICOL PALMITATE	G	Chloramphenicol (palmitate) - 125mg/5ml	125mg/5ml	Suspension	159,981 L.L
J01EE01	CO-TRIMOXAZOLE	G	Trimethoprim - 160mg, Sulfamethoxazole - 800mg		Tablet	183,019 L.L
J05AR01	CONDINE	G	Lamivudine - 150mg, Zidovudine - 300mg		Tablet, film coated	5,818,474 L.L
R06AX13	CLARA	G	Loratadine (micronised) - 10mg	10mg	Tablet	131,697 L.L
L01EJ01	CELEZON	G	Ruxolitinib - 15mg	15mg	Tablet	L.L
B05ZA	CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS LS	G	Potassium chloride - K+:1.5 mmol/l, Magnesium chloride - Mg++:0.75 mmol/l, Calcium chloride - Ca++:1.75 mmol/l, Sodium acetate - Cl-:111.5 mmol/l, Sodium chloride - Na+:140 mmol/l		Injectable solution	L.L
J01BA01	CHLORAMPHENICOL	G	Chloramphenicol - 250mg	250mg	Capsule	166,381 L.L
L01EJ01	CELEZON	G	Ruxolitinib - 20mg	20mg	Tablet	L.L
B05ZA	CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS LS2	G	Potassium chloride - K+:1.5 mmol/l, Magnesium chloride - Mg++:0.75 mmol/l, Calcium chloride - Ca++:1.5 mmol/l, Sodium acetate - Cl-:111 mmol/l, Sodium chloride - Na+:140 mmol/l		Injectable solution	L.L
B05ZA	CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS LS3	G	Potassium chloride - K+:2.00 mmol/l, Magnesium chloride - Mg++:0.75 mmol/l, Calcium chloride - Ca++:1.60 mmol/l, Sodium acetate - Cl-:112 mmol/l, Sodium chloride - Na+:140 mmol/l		Injectable solution	L.L
N02AA01	CHLORHYDRATE DE MORPHINE RENAUDIN	G	Morphine HCl - 20mg/ml	20mg/ml	Injectable solution	1,100,607 L.L