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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
C01DX12 CORVASAL 2MG B Molsidomine - 2mg 2mg Tablet, scored 1,092,992 L.L
C01DX12 CORVASAL 4MG B Molsidomine - 4mg 4mg Tablet 492,742 L.L
L02BB03 CASODEX B Bicalutamide - 50mg 50mg Tablet, film coated 3,777,541 L.L
M01AB05 CATAFLAM B Diclofenac potassium - 50mg 50mg Tablet, sugar coated 262,049 L.L
G03GB02 CLOMID B Clomifene citrate - 50mg 50mg Tablet 274,144 L.L
R06AA59 CARIBAN B Pyridoxine HCl - 10mg, Doxylamine succinate - 10mg Capsule, hard, modified release 1,701,305 L.L
L02BB03 CASODEX B Bicalutamide - 150mg 150mg Tablet, film coated 10,863,782 L.L
J06BA02 CLAIRYG BioHuman Human normal immunoglobulin G - 50mg/ml 10g/200ml Injectable solution 74,469,269 L.L
J06BA02 CUVITRU BioHuman Human normal immunoglobulin - 4g/20ml 200mg/ml Injectable solution 29,806,627 L.L
J06BA02 CUVITRU BioHuman Human normal immunoglobulin - 8g/40ml 200mg/ml Injectable solution 53,593,818 L.L
J06BA02 CLAIRYG BioHuman Human normal immunoglobulin G - 50mg/ml 5g/100ml Injectable solution L.L
G03GA01 CHORIOMON BioHuman Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin - 5,000IU 5,000IU Injectable lyophilised powder for solution+diluent 4,031,528 L.L
G03GA05 CINNAL-f BioHuman Follitropin alfa - 900IU/1.5ml 900IU/1.5ml Injectable solution 14,826,544 L.L
G03GA05 CINNAL-f BioHuman Follitropin alfa - 450IU/0.75ml 450IU/0.75ml Injectable solution 7,372,177 L.L
J06BA02 CLAIRYG BioHuman Human normal immunoglobulin G - 50mg/ml 5g/100ml Injectable solution 40,685,649 L.L
L03AB07 CINNOVEX BioTech Interferon beta-1a - 30mcg 30mcg Injectable solution 39,804,728 L.L
L01FG02 CYRAMZA BioTech Ramucirumab - 500mg/50ml 500mg/50ml Injectable solution L.L
L04AB04 CINNORA BioTech Adalimumab - 40mg/0.8ml 40mg/0.8ml Injectable solution 14,817,734 L.L
H01AC01 CINNATROPIN BioTech Somatropin recombinant - 5mg/1.5ml 5mg/1.5ml Injectable solution 4,699,417 L.L
H01AC01 CINNATROPIN BioTech Somatropin recombinant - 10mg/1.5ml 10mg/1.5ml Injectable solution 9,012,607 L.L
L04AC10 COSENTYX BioTech Secukinumab - 150mg/ml 150mg/ml Injectable solution 102,120,767 L.L
L01FG02 CYRAMZA BioTech Ramucirumab - 100mg/10ml 100mg/10ml Injectable solution 47,779,251 L.L
L01FG02 CYRAMZA BioTech Ramucirumab - 500mg/50ml 500mg/50ml Injectable solution 218,656,548 L.L
L01FX28 COLUMVI BioTech Glofitamab - 10mg/10ml 10mg/10ml Injectable concentrate for solution 349,443,660 L.L
L01FX28 COLUMVI BioTech Glofitamab - 2.5mg/2.5ml 2.5mg/2.5ml Injectable concentrate for solution 87,389,307 L.L
H05AA02 CINNOPAR BioTech Teriparatide - 250mcg/ml 250mcg/ml Injectable solution 15,275,833 L.L
H05BX01 CINACALCET ARROW BioTech Cinacalcet - 30mg 30mg Tablet, coated 8,768,039 L.L
H05BX01 CINACALCET ARROW BioTech Cinacalcet - 90mg 90mg Tablet, coated, scored 22,062,995 L.L
H05BX01 CINACALCET ARROW BioTech Cinacalcet - 60mg 60mg Tablet, coated, scored 16,494,074 L.L
R06AD52 CODOPALM G Promethazine HCl - 5mg/5ml, Sodium gentisate - 0.5mg/5ml Syrup 149,742 L.L
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