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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
S02D CERULYSE B Xylene - 5g/100g 5g/100g Drops solution 339,992 L.L
S01CA01 CO-AVAZIR G Tobramycin - 0.3%, Dexamethasone - 0.1% Drops suspension 193,513 L.L
N02BE01 CHILDREN'S PANADOL 5-12 YEARS B Paracetamol - 240mg/5ml 240mg/5ml Elixir 356,118 L.L
D10AD51 CLINIDERM T G Tretinoin - 0.025%, Clindamycin (phosphate) - 1% Gel 801,186 L.L
D10AD51 CLINIDERM T G Tretinoin - 0.05%, Clindamycin (phosphate) - 1% Gel 890,776 L.L
C05BA53 CONTRACTUBEX B Allantoin - 1g/100g, Cepae - 10g/100g, Heparin - 5000IU/100g Gel 498,566 L.L
C05BA53 CONTRACTUBEX B Allantoin - 1g/100g, Cepae - 10g/100g, Heparin - 5,000IU/100g Gel 1,183,925 L.L
D10AF01 CLINIDERM G Clindamycin (phosphate) - 1% 1% Gel 712,876 L.L
G03DA04 CRINONE B Progesterone - 8% 8% Gel 4,734,357 L.L
D06BX01 CUTIDERMINE G Metronidazole - 1% 1% Gel 593,850 L.L
J01DC04 CECLOR B Cefaclor (monohydrate) - 250mg/5ml 250mg/5ml Granules for suspension 851,100 L.L
J01DC04 CECLOR B Cefaclor (monohydrate) - 125mg/5ml 125mg/5ml Granules for suspension 487,623 L.L
R03BA01 CLENIL 250 MCG SPRAY B Beclometasone dipropionate - 250mcg/actuation 250mcg/actuation Inhalation solution 1,166,455 L.L
R03BA01 CORTIS G Beclometasone dipropionate - 250mcg/actuation 250mcg/actuation Inhalation solution 674,609 L.L
R03AK06 CYVAX G Salmeterol (xinafoate) - 25mcg/inhalation, Fluticasone propionate - 250mcg/inhalation Inhalation suspension 1,710,712 L.L
R03BA02 CORTAIR G Budesonide - 1mg/2ml 0.5mg/ml Inhalation suspension for nebuliser 1,209,458 L.L
R03AL02 COMBIVENT B Salbutamol (sulfate) - 2.5mg/2.5ml, Ipratropium bromide - 500mcg/2.5ml Inhaltion solution with nebuliser 745,833 L.L
L01CD04 CABAZITAXEL EVER PHARMA G Cabazitaxel - 60mg/6ml 10mg/ml Injectable concentrate for solution L.L
L01FX28 COLUMVI BioTech Glofitamab - 10mg/10ml 10mg/10ml Injectable concentrate for solution 349,443,660 L.L
L01FX28 COLUMVI BioTech Glofitamab - 2.5mg/2.5ml 2.5mg/2.5ml Injectable concentrate for solution 87,389,307 L.L
L01CD04 CABAZITAXEL EVER PHARMA G Cabazitaxel - 60mg/6ml 10mg/ml Injectable concentrate for solution 54,531,485 L.L
J02AX04 CANCIDAS B Caspofungin (acetate) - 70mg 70mg Injectable concentrated powder for solution 31,611,335 L.L
J02AX04 CASPOFUNGINE STRAGEN G Caspofungin (acetate) - 70mg 70mg Injectable concentrated powder for solution 22,928,852 L.L
J02AX04 CANCIDAS B Caspofungin (acetate) - 50mg 50mg Injectable concentrated powder for solution 25,799,521 L.L
J02AX04 CASPOFUNGINE STRAGEN G Caspofungin (acetate) - 50mg 50mg Injectable concentrated powder for solution 18,712,833 L.L
L01DB01 CAELYX B Doxorubicin HCl pegylated liposomes - 20mg/10ml 20mg/10ml Injectable concentrated solution L.L
B05XA01 CHLORURE DE POTASSIUM PROAMP G Potassium chloride - 0.0746g/ml 0.0746g/ml Injectable concentrated solution 1,252,461 L.L
L01XA01 CISPLATINE VIATRIS 1MG/ML G Cisplatin - 10mg/10ml 10mg/10ml Injectable concentrated solution 396,936 L.L
L01XA01 CIPINTU G Cisplatin - 50mg/50ml 50mg/50ml Injectable concentrated solution 1,206,771 L.L
L01XA01 CISPLATINE VIATRIS 1MG/ML G Cisplatin - 50mg/50ml 50mg/50ml Injectable concentrated solution 1,134,720 L.L
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