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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form ↓ Price
M05BA04 OSTEOMED G Alendronic acid (sodium alendronate) - 70mg 70mg Tablet, scored 950,929 L.L
M01AB05 OLFEN-75 SR G Diclofenac sodium - 75mg 75mg Tablet, prolonged release 326,554 L.L
A04AA01 ONDANSETRON ARROW G Ondansetron - 8mg 8mg Tablet, orodispersible 1,280,682 L.L
A04AA01 ONZETRAN OD G Ondansetron - 8mg 8mg Tablet, orodispersible 1,023,880 L.L
N05AH03 OLANZAX 5 G Olanzapine - 5mg 5mg Tablet, mouth dissolving 1,316,966 L.L
N05AH03 OLIZAX 5 G Olanzapine - 5mg 5mg Tablet, mouth dissolving 1,466,580 L.L
N05AH03 OLANZAX 10 G Olanzapine - 10mg 10mg Tablet, mouth dissolving 2,329,327 L.L
N05AH03 OLIZAX 10 G Olanzapine - 10mg 10mg Tablet, mouth dissolving 2,598,096 L.L
M01AB05 OLFEN-50 G Diclofenac sodium - 50mg 50mg Tablet, gastroresistant 248,611 L.L
J01MA01 OFLACIN G Ofloxacin - 200mg 200mg Tablet, film-scored 602,041 L.L
J01MA01 OFLOMED G Ofloxacin - 200mg 200mg Tablet, film-scored 601,530 L.L
G04CA02 OMNIC OCAS B Tamsulosin HCl - 0.4mg 0.4mg Tablet, film coated, prolonged release 866,778 L.L
C10AA05 ORVASTA G Atorvastatin - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 834,526 L.L
C02KX04 OPSUMIT B Macitentan - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 201,006,231 L.L
R06AX ORADUS BETA G Desloratadine - 5mg, Betamethasone - 0.6mg Tablet, film coated 497,862 L.L
C10AA05 ORVASTA G Atorvastatin - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film coated 920,532 L.L
C10AA05 ORVASTA G Atorvastatin - 40mg 40mg Tablet, film coated 1,170,487 L.L
R06AX27 ORADUS G Desloratadine - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated 383,955 L.L
J01MA12 OXALEV G Levofloxacin - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 791,523 L.L
J01MA12 OXALEV G Levofloxacin - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 565,758 L.L
L04AA32 OTEZLA B Apremilast - 4x10mg- 4x20mg- 19x30mg Tablet, film coated 34,751,325 L.L
L04AA32 OTEZLA B Apremilast - 30mg 30mg Tablet, film coated 49,829,454 L.L
L04AA37 OLUMIANT B Baricitinib - 2mg 2mg Tablet, film coated 68,053,864 L.L
C09CA08 OLMETEC B Olmesartan medoxomil - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 710,893 L.L
L04AA37 OLUMIANT B Baricitinib - 4mg 4mg Tablet, film coated 68,053,864 L.L
C09CA08 OLMENOR G Olmesartan medoxomil - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 526,786 L.L
C02KX04 OPSUMIT B Macitentan - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated L.L
C09CA08 OLMETEC B Olmesartan medoxomil - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film coated 888,280 L.L
C09CA08 OLMENOR G Olmesartan medoxomil - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film coated 667,890 L.L
C09CA08 OLMETEC B Olmesartan medoxomil - 40mg 40mg Tablet, film coated 920,532 L.L
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