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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form ↓ Price
V07AB01 EAU POUR PREPARATION INJ. G Water for injection - Water for injection, irrigation 3,385,139 L.L
V07AB01 EAU POUR PREPARATION INJECTABLE PROAMP G Water for injection - Water for injection, irrigation 1,240,367 L.L
V07AB01 EAU POUR PREPARATION INJECTABLE PROAMP G Water for injection - Water for injection, irrigation 1,034,759 L.L
V07AB01 EAU POUR PREPARATION INJECTABLE PROAMP G Water for injection - Water for injection, irrigation 795,555 L.L
V07AB01 EAU POUR PREPARATIONS INJECTABLES RENAUDIN G Water for injection - Water for injection, irrigation 266,081 L.L
A12BA01 EURO-K G Potassium chloride - 1.5g 1.5g Tablet, sustained release 894,999 L.L
L04AX03 EBETREXAT G Methotrexate - 5mg 5mg Tablet, scored 1,347,874 L.L
H03AA01 EUTHYROX B Levothyroxine sodium - 25mcg 25mcg Tablet, scored 256,674 L.L
H03AA01 EUTHYROX B Levothyroxine sodium - 50mcg 50mcg Tablet, scored 391,058 L.L
H03AA01 ELTROXIN B Levothyroxine sodium - 100mcg 100mcg Tablet, scored 440,780 L.L
H03AA01 EUTHYROX B Levothyroxine sodium - 100mcg 100mcg Tablet, scored 452,875 L.L
H03AA01 EUTHYROX B Levothyroxine sodium - 150mcg 150mcg Tablet, scored 615,480 L.L
A02BC05 ESOMEP G Esomeprazole - 20mg 20mg Tablet, gastroresistant 415,632 L.L
A02BC05 ESOMEP G Esomeprazole - 40mg 40mg Tablet, gastroresistant 474,598 L.L
A10BD20 EMPAZIMET G Metformin HCl - 1000mg, Empagliflozin - 5mg Tablet, film coated 1,840,168 L.L
A10BD21 ENFORZA B Saxagliptin HCl - 5mg, Dapagliflozin - 10mg Tablet, film coated 6,072,824 L.L
L02BG06 EXEMESTANE G Exemestane - 25mg 25mg Tablet, film coated 1,222,897 L.L
L02BG06 EXEMESTANE ARROW G Exemestane - 25mg 25mg Tablet, film coated 3,386,483 L.L
L02BG06 EXEMESTANE GENEPHARM G Exemestane - 25mg 25mg Tablet, film coated 1,286,662 L.L
L02BG06 EXEMESTANE GP PHARM G Exemestane - 25mg 25mg Tablet, film coated 1,158,392 L.L
B01AF02 ELIQUIS B Apixaban - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated 4,183,603 L.L
B01AF02 ELAPIX 5 G Apixaban - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated 3,455,595 L.L
B01AF02 ELIQUIS B Apixaban - 2.5mg 2.5mg Tablet, film coated 4,183,603 L.L
C10AA05 EMITOR G Atorvastatin - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film coated 822,432 L.L
B01AF02 ELAPIX 2.5 G Apixaban - 2.5mg 2.5mg Tablet, film coated 3,455,595 L.L
N02AJ06 EFFERALGAN CODEINE B Paracetamol - 500mg, Codeine phosphate - 30mg Tablet, film coated 215,015 L.L
G04BE08 ENKOR G Tadalafil - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film coated 1,032,839 L.L
J01MA02 ESTECINA 500MG G Ciprofloxacine (HCl) - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 618,168 L.L
A10BK03 EMPAZA G Empagliflozin - 25mg 25mg Tablet, film coated 1,740,724 L.L
R06AX22 EBASTEL B Ebastine - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 722,987 L.L
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