Meningitis

Generalities
Agent	There are several agents causing meningitis. 1) Main Bacteria: - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y. - Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection. - Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes. - Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups) - Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped - Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis… 2) Virus: - Mumps - Measles - West Nile virus: a Flavivirus - Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3) - Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae - Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus - Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus - Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group -Other virus: arboviruses… 3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period	varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility	varies with the agent
Reservoir	varies with the agent
Modes of transmission	varies with the agent
Clinical presentation	varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis - MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis - MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b - MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms	- Meningitis reporting form - Meningitis investigation form
Data	- Weekly report

ATC	Name	B/G ↑	Ingredients	Dosage	Form	Price
A01AB09	DAKTARIN ORAL	B	Miconazole nitrate - 20mg/g	20mg/g	Gel	377,620 L.L
D10AD03	DIFFERIN	B	Adapalene - 0.1g/100g	0.1%	Cream	521,411 L.L
D10AD03	DIFFERIN	B	Adapalene - 0.1g/100g	0.1%	Gel	503,941 L.L
M01AX	DORIXINA	B	Lysine clonixinate - 125mg	125mg	Tablet	326,554 L.L
M01BX	DORIXINA B1B6B12	B	Lysine clonixinate - 125mg, Vitamin B1 - 50mg, Vitamin B6 - 30mg, Vitamin B12 - 50mcg		Tablet, film coated	804,962 L.L
A07AA12	DIFICLIR	B	Fidaxomicin - 200mg	200mg	Tablet, film coated	130,192,063 L.L
N06CA02	DEANXIT	B	Flupentixol (dihydrochloride) - 0.5mg, Melitracen (HCl) - 10mg		Tablet, film coated	1,372,063 L.L
D10AF51	DUAC ONCE DAILY	B	Clindamycin (phosphate) - 1%, Benzoyl peroxide - 5%		Gel	1,658,302 L.L
S01ED51	DUOTRAV	B	Timolol (maleate) - 5mg, Travoprost - 40mcg		Drops solution	1,933,789 L.L
C05BX01	DOXIUM	B	Calcium dobesilate - 500mg	500mg	Capsule	2,151,492 L.L
C05BX01	DOXIUM	B	Calcium dobesilate - 500mg	500mg	Capsule	1,323,685 L.L
C05BX51	DOXIPROCT	B	Calcium dobesilate - 4%, Lidocaine HCl - 2%		Ointment	610,104 L.L
C05BX51	DOXIPROCT PLUS	B	Calcium dobesilate - 4%, Dexamethasone acetate - 0.0025%, Lidocaine HCl - 2%		Ointment	489,159 L.L
C05CA03	DIOVENOR 600	B	Diosmin - 600mg	600mg	Tablet, film coated	1,089,856 L.L
C05CA03	DIOVENOR 600	B	Diosmin - 600mg	600mg	Tablet	544,256 L.L
C05CA53	DAFLON	B	Hesperidin - 50mg, Diosmin - 450mg		Tablet, film coated	627,574 L.L
C05CA53	DAFLON	B	Hesperidin - 50mg, Diosmin - 450mg		Tablet, film coated	1,191,988 L.L
B02BX01	DICYNONE	B	Etamsylate - 250mg/2ml	250mg	Injectable solution	482,439 L.L
C05CA53	DAFLON	B	Hesperidin - 100mg, Diosmin - 900mg		Tablet, film coated	1,256,493 L.L
B02BX01	DICYNONE	B	Etamsylate - 500mg	500mg	Capsule	1,311,590 L.L
B05DB	DIANEAL PD4 1.36% GLUCOSE	B	Sodium lactate - 4.48g/l, Magnesium chloride - 0.051g/l, Calcium chloride - 0.184g/l, Sodium chloride - 5.38g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 13.6g/l	1.36%	Injectable solution	1,163,270 L.L
B05DB	DIANEAL PD4 CYCLER 1.36% GLUCOSE	B	Sodium lactate - 4.48g/l, Magnesium chloride - 0.051g/l, Calcium chloride - 0.184g/l, Sodium chloride - 5.38g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 13.6g/l		Injectable solution	1,150,329 L.L
B05DB	DIANEAL PD4 2.27% GLUCOSE	B	Sodium lactate - 4.48g/l, Magnesium chloride - 0.051g/l, Calcium chloride - 0.184g/l, Sodium chloride - 5.38g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 22.7g/l		Injectable solution	1,163,270 L.L
B05DB	DIANEAL PD4 CYCLER 2.27% GLUCOSE	B	Sodium lactate - 4.48g/l, Magnesium chloride - 0.051g/l, Calcium chloride - 0.184g/l, Sodium chloride - 5.38g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 22.7g/l		Injectable solution	1,150,329 L.L
B05DB	DIANEAL PD4 3.86% GLUCOSE	B	Sodium lactate - 4.48g/l, Magnesium chloride - 0.051g/l, Calcium chloride - 0.184g/l, Sodium chloride - 5.38g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 38.6g/l		Injectable solution	1,111,506 L.L
B05DB	DIANEAL PD4 CYCLER 3.86% GLUCOSE	B	Sodium lactate - 4.48g/l, Magnesium chloride - 0.051g/l, Calcium chloride - 0.184g/l, Sodium chloride - 5.38g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 38.6g/l		Injectable solution	1,150,329 L.L
M03BX	DORIXINA RELAX	B	Lysine clonixinate - 125mg, Cyclobenzaprine HCl - 5mg		Tablet, film coated	581,884 L.L
J02AC01	DIFLUCAN	B	Fluconazole - 50mg	50mg	Capsule	622,199 L.L
J02AC01	DIFLUCAN	B	Fluconazole - 150mg	150mg	Capsule	286,238 L.L
H02AB01	DIPROFOS	B	Betamethasone (dipropionate) - 5mg/ml, Betamethasone (sodium phosphate) - 2mg/ml		Injectable suspension	446,156 L.L