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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name ↑ B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
B05XA03 0.45% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP G Sodium chloride - 0.45% 0.45% Injectable solution 160,885 L.L
B05XA03 0.45% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP G Sodium chloride - 0.45% 0.45% Injectable solution 176,974 L.L
B05XA03 0.9% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 145,946 L.L
B05XA03 0.9% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 151,692 L.L
B05XA03 0.9% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 164,333 L.L
B05XA03 0.9% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 688,359 L.L
B05XA03 0.9% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 144,797 L.L
B05XA03 0.9% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 182,720 L.L
B05XA03 0.9% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 209,151 L.L
B05XA03 0.9% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 222,941 L.L
B05XA03 0.9% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 181,570 L.L
B05CX01 10% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP G Dextrose,H2O - 10g/100ml 10% Injectable solution 219,493 L.L
B05CX01 10% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP G Dextrose,H2O - 10g/100ml 10% Injectable solution 170,079 L.L
B05CX01 10% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP G Dextrose,H2O - 10g/100ml 10% Injectable solution 194,211 L.L
B05CX01 10% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP G Dextrose,H2O - 10g/100ml 10% Injectable solution 284,997 L.L
B05CX01 10% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP G Dextrose,H2O - 10g/100ml 10% Injectable solution 220,643 L.L
B05CX01 10% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP G Dextrose,H2O - 10g/100ml 10% Injectable solution 252,820 L.L
A12AA03 10% W/V CALCIUM GLUCONATE INJECTION BP G Calcium gluconate - 10% 10% Injectable solution 3,952,241 L.L
R05D 123 COLD AND FLU B Phenylephrine HCl - 5mg, Carbinoxamine HCl - 3mg, Caffeine anhydrous - 30mg, Codeine phosphate - 8mg, Acetaminophen - 325mg Tablet 409,552 L.L
N02BE51 123 COMPLETE B Acetaminophen (day tablet, night tablet) - 500mg, Dextromethorphan HBr (day tablet, night tablet) - 5mg, Phenylephrine HCl (day tablet, night tablet) - 5mg, Carbinoxamine maleate (night tablet) - 3mg Tablet 537,537 L.L
B05BB02 2.5% DEXTROSE 0.45% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION G Dextrose,H2O - 2.5g/100ml, Sodium chloride - 0.45g/100ml Injectable solution 172,377 L.L
B05BB02 2.5% DEXTROSE 0.45% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION G Dextrose,H2O - 2.5g/100ml, Sodium chloride - 0.45g/100ml Injectable solution 224,090 L.L
B05 20 MEQ POTASSIUM OF 0.9% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP B Sodium chloride - 0.9%, Potassium chloride - 20meq Injectable solution 278,102 L.L
B05 20 MEQ POTASSIUM OF 0.9% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP B Sodium chloride - 0.9%, Potassium chloride - 20mEq Injectable solution 229,959 L.L
B05 20 MEQ POTASSIUM OF 5% DEXTROSE AND 0.45% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP B Dextrose, H2O - 5%, Sodium chloride - 0.45%, Potassium chloride - 20meq Injectable solution 229,959 L.L
A11DB 3V G Vitamin B12 - 200mcg, Vitamin B6 - 200mg, Vitamin B1 - 100mg Tablet 229,797 L.L
A11DB 3V G Vitamin B12 - 1mg/3ml, Vitamin B6 - 100mg/3ml, Vitamin B1 - 100mg/3ml Injectable solution 198,889 L.L
B05BB02 5% DEXTROSE 0.45% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION G Dextrose,H2O - 5g/100ml, Sodium chloride - 0.45g/100ml Injectable solution 179,272 L.L
B05BB02 5% DEXTROSE 0.45% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION G Dextrose,H2O - 5g/100ml, Sodium chloride - 0.45g/100ml Injectable solution 224,090 L.L
B05BB02 5% DEXTROSE 0.9% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION G Dextrose,H2O - 5g/100ml, Sodium chloride - 0.9g/100ml Injectable solution 180,421 L.L
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