Coronavirus: Invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent	Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). 1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals. - Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...) - Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease. 2) Novel coronavirus: - Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003. - Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012 - Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period	- HCoV: 2-4 days - SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days) - MERS-CoV: 2-14 days - COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility	- HCoV: during the active disease - SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days - MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown. - COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir	- HCoV: Humans - SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals - MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission	- HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites - SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...) - MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone - COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation	- HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis... - SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%. - MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%. - COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV - MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV - MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms	- General reporting form - Novel Coronavirus reporting form - Laboratory request form - Patient transfert request form - SARS-CoV investigation form - MERS-CoV investigation form
Data	- SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003 - MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017 - COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources	- Specimen collection for COVID-19 - Questions and Answers - Presentation: coronavirus, A, E - Presentation: resources, A, E - Presentation: questions and answers, A, E - Presentation: case definition, A, E - Presentation: specimen collection, A, E - Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E

ATC	Name	B/G	Ingredients	Dosage	Form	Price
N05CD08	MIDAZOLAM PANPHARMA	G	Midazolam - 5mg/ml	5mg/ml	Injectable solution	826,463 L.L
B01AB05	ENOXAMED	BioTech	Enoxaparin sodium - 4000IU Anti-XA/0.4ml	4000IU Anti-XA/0.4ml	Injectable solution	755,239 L.L
B05BB01	LACTATED RINGER'S INJECTION, USP	G	Sodium lactate - 3.1g/l, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 0.2g/l, Potassium chloride - 0.3g/l, Sodium chloride - 6g/l		Injectable solution	216,046 L.L
B05ZA	CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS L	G	Potassium chloride - K+:1.5 mmol/l, Magnesium chloride - Mg++:0.75 mmol/l, Calcium chloride - Ca++:1.75 mmol/l, Sodium acetate - Cl-:106.5 mmol/l, Sodium chloride - Na+:135 mmol/l		Injectable solution	L.L
B01AB05	ENOXAMED	BioTech	Enoxaparin sodium - 4000IU Anti-XA/0.4ml	4000IU Anti-XA/0.4ml	Injectable solution	2,150,148 L.L
B05BB01	LR	G	Sodium lactate - 0.31g/100ml, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 0.02g/100ml, Potassium chloride - 0.03g/100ml, Sodium chloride - 0.598g/100ml		Injectable solution	218,681 L.L
B05ZA	CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS LM	G	Potassium chloride - K+:2.00 mmol/l, Magnesium chloride - Mg++:0.75 mmol/l, Calcium chloride - Ca++:1.75 mmol/l, Sodium acetate - Cl-:112 mmol/l, Sodium chloride - Na+:140 mmol/l		Injectable solution	L.L
G03DA04	PROLUTEX	B	Progesterone - 25mg	25mg	Injectable solution	5,570,227 L.L
N01BB02	LIDOCAINE ARWAN	G	Lidocaine (HCl) - 0.5%	0.5%	Injectable solution	1,995,158 L.L
L01FF03	IMFINZI	BioTech	Durvalumab - 500mg/10ml	500mg/10ml	Injectable solution	L.L
B01AB05	ENOXAPARIN LEDRAXEN	BioTech	Enoxaparin sodium - 4000UI (40mg)/0.4ml	4000UI (40mg)/0.4ml	Injectable solution	841,245 L.L
B05BB01	SERUFLEX LACTATED RINGER'S INJECTION, USP	G	Sodium lactate - 3.1g/l, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 0.2g/l, Potassium chloride - 0.3g/l, Sodium chloride - 6g/l		Injectable solution	216,046 L.L
B05ZA	CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS LS	G	Potassium chloride - K+:1.5 mmol/l, Magnesium chloride - Mg++:0.75 mmol/l, Calcium chloride - Ca++:1.75 mmol/l, Sodium acetate - Cl-:111.5 mmol/l, Sodium chloride - Na+:140 mmol/l		Injectable solution	L.L
L02BA03	FASLODEX	B	Fulvestrant - 250mg/5ml	250mg/5ml	Injectable solution	46,628,557 L.L
M01AB15	ALGIKEY	G	Ketorolac trometamine - 30mg/ml	30mg/ml	Injectable solution	873,498 L.L
N01BB02	LIDOCAINE ARWAN	G	Lidocaine (HCl) - 1%	1%	Injectable solution	1,995,158 L.L
A03BB01	ANTIPAN	G	Hyoscine N butylbromide - 20mg/ml		Injectable solution	355,798 L.L
B01AB05	HEPAXANE 4000IU	BioTech	Enoxaparin sodium - 40mg/0.4ml	40mg/0.4ml	Injectable solution	4,063,780 L.L
B05BB01	LACTATED RINGER'S	G	Sodium lactate - 0.31g/100ml, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 0.02g/100ml, Potassium chloride - 0.03g/100ml, Sodium chloride - 0.598g/100ml		Injectable solution	234,862 L.L
B05ZA	CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS LS2	G	Potassium chloride - K+:1.5 mmol/l, Magnesium chloride - Mg++:0.75 mmol/l, Calcium chloride - Ca++:1.5 mmol/l, Sodium acetate - Cl-:111 mmol/l, Sodium chloride - Na+:140 mmol/l		Injectable solution	L.L
L02BA03	FULVESTRANT EVER PHARMA	G	Fulvestrant - 250mg/5ml	250mg	Injectable solution	28,766,788 L.L
M01AB15	KETO-AVI	G	Ketorolac tromethamine - 30mg/ml	30mg/ml	Injectable solution	106,164 L.L
N01BB02	LIDOCAINE ARWAN	G	Lidocaine (HCl) - 1%	1%	Injectable solution	1,995,158 L.L
N05CM18	PRECEDEX (DEXMEDETOMIDINE)	B	Dexmedetomidine HCl - 200mcg/2ml	200mcg/2ml	Injectable solution	19,441,512 L.L
L03AB07	RECIGEN 44	BioTech	Interferon beta-1a - 44mcg/0.5ml	44mcg/0.5ml	Injectable solution	L.L
A03BB01	ANTIPAN	G	Hyoscine N butylbromide - 20mg/ml		Injectable solution	2,557,140 L.L
B01AB05	LOVENOX	BioTech	Enoxaparin sodium - 4,000UI (40mg)/0.4ml	4,000UI (40mg)/0.4ml	Injectable solution	886,936 L.L
B05BB01	LACTATED RINGER'S	G	Sodium lactate - 0.31g/100ml, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 0.02g/100ml, Potassium chloride - 0.03g/100ml, Sodium chloride - 0.598g/100ml		Injectable solution	268,908 L.L
B05ZA	CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS LS3	G	Potassium chloride - K+:2.00 mmol/l, Magnesium chloride - Mg++:0.75 mmol/l, Calcium chloride - Ca++:1.60 mmol/l, Sodium acetate - Cl-:112 mmol/l, Sodium chloride - Na+:140 mmol/l		Injectable solution	L.L
L02BA03	FUXRAN	G	Fulvestrant - 250mg/5ml	250mg/5ml	Injectable solution	37,882,154 L.L