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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
M01AB05 DICLO-DENK 75 INJECTION G Diclofenac sodium - 75mg/3ml 75mg/3ml Injectable solution 716,268 L.L
N01AH01 FENTANYL PANPHARMA G Fentanyl - 0.5mg/10ml 0.5mg/10ml Injectable solution 1,243,054 L.L
A12CX PHOSPHATE DIPOTASSIQUE RENAUDIN G Phosphate dipotassique - 174.20mg/ml 174.20mg/ml Injectable solution 1,189,301 L.L
B05BA01 AMINOPLASMAL B. BRAUN B Amino acids - 10% 10% Injectable solution 1,036,103 L.L
B05XA05 MAGNESIUM SULFATE G Magnesium sulfate, 7H2O - 15g/100ml 15g/100ml Injectable solution 756,160 L.L
H05AA02 OSTEOFORTIL BioTech Teriparatide - 250mcg/ml 250mcg/ml Injectable solution 16,963,499 L.L
M01AB05 DOLONIL G Diclofenac sodium - 75mg/3ml 75mg/3ml Injectable solution 337,880 L.L
N01AH03 SUFENTANIL RENAUDIN G Sufentanil (citrate) - 250mcg/5ml 250mcg/5ml Injectable solution 3,524,899 L.L
A03AX12 PHLOROGLUCINOL/TRIMETHYLPHLOROGLUCINOL ARROW G Phloroglucinol - 40mg/4ml, Trimethylphloroglucinol - 0.04mg/4ml Injectable solution 940,690 L.L
B05XA05 SULFATE DE MAGNESIUM PROAMP G Magnesium sulfate - 0.15g/ml 0.15g/ml Injectable solution 1,400,284 L.L
H05BA01 MIACALCIC B Calcitonin (salmon synthetic) - 100IU/ml 100IU/ml Injectable solution 1,720,118 L.L
M01AB05 DOLONIL G Diclofenac sodium - 75mg/3ml 75mg/3ml Injectable solution 3,801,155 L.L
N01AH03 SUFENTANIL RENAUDIN G Sufentanil (citrate) - 5mcg/ml 10mcg/2ml Injectable solution 755,239 L.L
B05XA05 SULFATE DE MAGNESIUM RENAUDIN G Magnesium sulfate - 1.5g/10ml 15% Injectable solution 434,061 L.L
M01AB05 OLFEN 75MG G Diclofenac sodium - 75mg 75mg Injectable solution 334,617 L.L
B05XA05 MAGNESIUM SULFATE G Magnesium sulfate, 7H2O - 50g/100ml 50g/100ml Injectable solution 897,510 L.L
L01DB03 EPIRUBICINE VIATRIS 2MG/ML G Epirubicin HCl - 10mg/5ml 10mg/5ml Injectable solution 822,636 L.L
M01AB05 VOLDEN G Diclofenac sodium - 75mg/3ml 75mg/3ml Injectable solution 422,351 L.L
B05XA05 MAGNESIUM SULFATE G Magnesium sulfate, 7H2O - 10g/100ml 10g/100ml Injectable solution 5,040,303 L.L
L01DB03 EPIRUBICINE VIATRIS 2MG/ML G Epirubicin HCl - 50mg/25ml 50mg/25ml Injectable solution 3,765,140 L.L
L01XY02 PHESGO BioTech Pertuzumab - 600mg, Trastuzumab - 600mg Injectable solution 326,054,156 L.L
M01AB05 VOTREX G Diclofenac sodium - 75mg/3ml 75mg/3ml Injectable solution 345,368 L.L
B05XA07 CALCIUM CHLORIDE G Calcium chloride - 10g/100ml 10g/100ml Injectable solution 5,436,771 L.L
L01XY02 PHESGO BioTech Pertuzumab - 1200mg, Trastuzumab - 600mg Injectable solution 591,417,874 L.L
N01AX03 KETAMINE PANPHARMA G Ketamine HCl - 250mg/5ml 250mg/5ml Injectable solution 1,534,668 L.L
A03BA01 ATROPINE G Atropine sulfate - 1mg/ml 1mg/ml Injectable solution 702,149 L.L
B05BB01 LACTATED RINGER'S G Sodium lactate - 0.31g/100ml, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 0.02g/100ml, Potassium chloride - 0.03g/100ml, Sodium chloride - 0.598g/100ml Injectable solution 147,095 L.L
N05CD08 MIDAZOLAM HAMELN G Midazolam (HCl) - 5mg/5ml 5mg/5ml Injectable solution 529,474 L.L
A03BA01 ATROPINE SULFATE RENAUDIN G Atropine sulfate - 1mg/ml 0.1% Injectable solution 397,777 L.L
B05BB01 LACTATED RINGER'S INJECTION, USP G Sodium lactate - 3.1g/l, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 0.2g/l, Potassium chloride - 0.3g/l, Sodium chloride - 6g/l Injectable solution 158,587 L.L
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