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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name ↓ B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
S01BA01 OZURDEX B Dexamethasone - 700mcg 700mcg Implant 80,696,540 L.L
S01BA01 OZURDEX B Dexamethasone - 700mcg 700mcg Implant 80,696,540 L.L
A10BJ06 OZEMPIC B Semaglutide - 1mg 1mg Injectable solution 10,927,526 L.L
A10BJ06 OZEMPIC B Semaglutide - 0.5mg 0.5mg Injectable solution 10,927,526 L.L
A10BJ06 OZEMPIC B Semaglutide - 0.25mg 0.25mg Injectable solution 10,927,526 L.L
G02AX OXYTOCIN 10 ROTEXMEDICA 10 UI-1ML G Oxytocin - 10IU/ml 10IU/ml Injectable solution 525,442 L.L
G02AX OXYTOCIN 10 PANPHARMA 10 UI-1ML G Oxytocin - 10IU/ml 10IU/ml Injectable solution 525,442 L.L
N02AA05 OXYNORM B Oxycodone HCl - 10mg/ml 10mg/ml Injectable solution 1,584,390 L.L
N02AA05 OXYNORM B Oxycodone HCl - 20mg 20mg Capsule, hard 7,634,958 L.L
N02AA05 OXYNORM B Oxycodone HCl - 10mg 10mg Capsule, hard 3,988,525 L.L
N02AA05 OXYNORM B Oxycodone HCl - 5mg 5mg Capsule, hard 1,991,575 L.L
N02AA05 OXYCODONE RENAUDIN G Oxycodone HCl - 10mg/10ml 10mg/10ml Injectable solution 2,432,355 L.L
M04AA03 OXUBAT 80 G Febuxostat - 80mg 80mg Tablet, film coated 1,549,002 L.L
M04AA03 OXUBAT 120 G Febuxostat - 120mg 120mg Tablet, film coated 1,549,002 L.L
N06AB03 OXETINE 20 G Fluoxetine (HCl) - 20mg 20mg Tablet, coated 362,837 L.L
L01XA03 OXALTIE G Oxaliplatin - 50mg 50mg Injectable lyophilised powder 2,957,797 L.L
L01XA03 OXALTIE G Oxaliplatin - 50mg 50mg Injectable lyophilised powder for solution 2,957,797 L.L
L01XA03 OXALTIE G Oxaliplatin - 100mg 100mg Injectable lyophilised powder for solution 5,915,595 L.L
L01XA03 OXALIPLATINO GP PHARM G Oxaliplatin - 50mg 50mg Injectable lyophilised powder for solution 2,957,797 L.L
L01XA03 OXALIPLATINO GP PHARM G Oxaliplatin - 100mg 100mg Injectable lyophilised powder for solution 6,199,145 L.L
L01XA03 OXALIPLATINE VIATRIS 5MG/ML G Oxaliplatin - 50mg 50mg Injectable powder for solution 4,259,872 L.L
L01XA03 OXALIPLATINE VIATRIS 5MG/ML G Oxaliplatin - 100mg 100mg Injectable powder for solution 6,932,000 L.L
L01XA03 OXALIPLATIN MEDAC G Oxaliplatin - 50mg 50mg Injectable powder for solution 3,440,237 L.L
L01XA03 OXALIPLATIN MEDAC G Oxaliplatin - 100mg 100mg Injectable powder for solution 7,841,801 L.L
L01XA03 OXALIPLATIN HOSPIRA G Oxaliplatin - 50mg/10ml 5mg/ml Injectable concentrated solution 3,450,988 L.L
L01XA03 OXALIPLATIN HOSPIRA G Oxaliplatin - 100mg/20ml 5mg/ml Injectable concentrated solution 8,471,583 L.L
L01XA03 OXALIPLATIN EBEWE G Oxaliplatin - 50mg/10ml 50mg/10ml Injectable concentrated solution 3,405,297 L.L
J01MA12 OXALEV G Levofloxacin - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 565,758 L.L
J01MA12 OXALEV G Levofloxacin - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 791,523 L.L
G01AX OVUMIX G Metronidazole - 300mg, Miconazole - 100mg, Neomycin (sulfate) - 48.8mg, Gotu Kola - 15mg, Polymixin sulfate - 4.4mg Suppository 395,090 L.L
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