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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name ↓ B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
L04AB02 IXIFI BioTech Infliximab - 100mg 100mg Injectable powder for concentrate for solution L.L
L04AB02 IXIFI BioTech Infliximab - 100mg 100mg Injectable powder for concentrate for solution 23,911,751 L.L
R05CA12 IVYMUC G Dried Ivy leaf extract - 0.7g/100ml 0.7g/100ml Syrup 300,765 L.L
R05CA12 IVY-CALM G Dried Ivy leaf extract - 35mg/5ml 35mg/5ml Syrup 251,299 L.L
B03AC IVIRON G Iron (sucrose) - 100mg/5ml 100mg/5ml Injectable concentrated solution 1,745,203 L.L
P02CF01 IVERMECTINE BIOGARAN G Ivermectin - 3mg 3mg Tablet 1,075,074 L.L
P02CF01 IVERMECTIN BENTA G Ivermectin - 6mg 6mg Tablet 470,985 L.L
P02CF01 IVERMECTIN BENTA G Ivermectin - 6mg 6mg Tablet 784,548 L.L
P02CF01 IVER G Ivermectin - 6mg 6mg Tablet 431,373 L.L
C01EB17 IVABRADINE ARROW G Ivabradine (HCl) - 7.5mg 7.5mg Tablet, film coated, scored 1,323,685 L.L
C01EB17 IVABRADINE ARROW G Ivabradine (HCl) - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated, scored 1,323,685 L.L
J02AC02 ITRAZOL G Itraconazole - 100mg 100mg Capsule 559,038 L.L
J02AC02 ITRAZOL G Itraconazole - 100mg 100mg Capsule 149,167 L.L
R01AX ISOTONIC SODIUM CHLORIDE G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Solution 153,582 L.L
B05XA03 ISOTONIC SALINE G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 166,708 L.L
B05XA03 ISOTONIC SALINE G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 170,630 L.L
B05XA03 ISOTONIC SALINE G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 167,780 L.L
B05XA03 ISOTONIC SALINE G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 174,553 L.L
B05XA03 ISOTONIC SALINE G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 188,772 L.L
D10BA01 ISOSUPRA LIDOSE G Isotretinoin - 16mg 16mg Capsule, hard 1,826,282 L.L
C08DA01 ISOPTIN SR B Verapamil (HCl) - 240mg 240mg Tablet, film coated, prolonged release 1,085,822 L.L
C08DA01 ISOPTIN B Verapamil (HCl) - 80mg 80mg Tablet, film coated 382,554 L.L
N01AB06 ISOFLURANE HIKMA G Isoflurane - Volatil liquid 1,583,046 L.L
C01DA08 ISODEX G Isosorbide dinitrate - 10mg 10mg Tablet 138,224 L.L
C01DA08 ISDN G Isosorbide dinitrate - 10mg 10mg Tablet 311,771 L.L
L01CE02 IRNOCAM 40 G Irinotecan HCl - 40mg/2ml 40mg/2ml Injectable solution 908,694 L.L
L01CE02 IRNOCAM 100 G Irinotecan HCl - 100mg/5ml 100mg/5ml Injectable solution 7,320,947 L.L
L01CE02 IRINOTECAN THYMOORGAN G Irinotecan HCl - 40mg/2ml 40mg/2ml Injectable concentrated solution 2,123,271 L.L
L01CE02 IRINOTECAN THYMOORGAN G Irinotecan HCl - 100mg/5ml 100mg/5ml Injectable concentrated solution 6,111,796 L.L
L01CE02 IRINOTECAN HYDROCHLORIDE G Irinotecan HCl - 100mg/5ml 100mg/5ml Injectable concentrate for solution 2,085,644 L.L
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