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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form ↑ Price
A07DA03 IMODIUM B Loperamide HCl - 2mg 2mg Capsule 138,416 L.L
A07FA51 INFLORAN B Bifidobacterium infantis - 1milliard, Lactobacillus acidophilus - 1milliard Capsule 647,732 L.L
J02AC02 ITRAZOL G Itraconazole - 100mg 100mg Capsule 149,167 L.L
J02AC02 ITRAZOL G Itraconazole - 100mg 100mg Capsule 559,038 L.L
M01AB01 INDOMEL G Indometacin - 25mg 25mg Capsule 170,220 L.L
L01EF01 IBRANCE B Palbociclib - 75mg 75mg Capsule 172,164,216 L.L
L01EF01 IBRANCE B Palbociclib - 100mg 100mg Capsule 172,164,216 L.L
L01EF01 IBRANCE B Palbociclib - 125mg 125mg Capsule 172,164,216 L.L
D10BA01 ISOSUPRA LIDOSE G Isotretinoin - 16mg 16mg Capsule, hard 1,826,282 L.L
L04AX06 IMNOVID B Pomalidomide - 2mg 2mg Capsule, hard 637,848,621 L.L
L04AX06 IMNOVID B Pomalidomide - 4mg 4mg Capsule, hard 662,450,757 L.L
L04AX06 IMNOVID B Pomalidomide - 4mg 4mg Capsule, hard L.L
D06BA51 IALUGEN PLUS B Silver sulfadiazine - 10mg/g, Sodium hyaluronate - 2mg/g Cream 1,064,323 L.L
S01AE07 IMOX G Moxifloxacin (HCl) - 0.5% 0.5% Drops 464,970 L.L
S01BC01 INDOCOLLYRE B Indometacine - 5mg/5ml 0.1% Drops 408,528 L.L
S01GA01 IRIDINA DUE G Naphazoline HCl - 0.5mg/ml 0.5mg/ml Drops solution 469,001 L.L
D06BA51 IALUGEN PLUS B Silver sulfadiazine - 10mg/g, Sodium hyaluronate - 0.5mg/g Gauze 1,463,444 L.L
M02AA13 IBUSTICK G Ibuprofen - 50mg/g 50mg/g Gel, roll on 857,372 L.L
G03AC08 IMPLANON NXT B Etonogestrel - 68mg 68mg Implant 12,299,971 L.L
S01BA15 ILUVIEN B Fluocinolone acetonide - 0.19mg 0.19mg Implant 629,182,630 L.L
R03AK08 INUVER NEXTHALER B Formoterol fumarate dihydrate - 6mcg/dose, Beclometasone dipropionate - 100mcg/dose Inhalation powder 4,380,927 L.L
R03AK08 INUVER B Formoterol fumarate - 6mcg/dose, Beclometasone dipropionate - 100mcg/dose Inhalation solution 3,493,991 L.L
R03BB01 IPRAVENT G Ipratropium bromide - 20mcg/2ml 20mcg/2ml Inhalation solution 630,262 L.L
R03BB01 IPRATROPIUM ARROW ADULTES G Ipratropium bromide - 0.5mg/2ml 0.5mg/2ml Inhalation solution for nebuliser 303,708 L.L
R03AL02 IPRASAL VEM G Salbutamol (sulfate) - 2.5mg/2.5ml, Ipratropium bromide (monohydrate) - 0.5mg/2.5ml Inhaltion solution with nebuliser 417,935 L.L
L01CE02 IRINOTECAN HYDROCHLORIDE G Irinotecan HCl - 100mg/5ml 100mg/5ml Injectable concentrate for solution 2,085,644 L.L
L01CE02 IRINOTECAN THYMOORGAN G Irinotecan HCl - 100mg/5ml 100mg/5ml Injectable concentrated solution 6,111,796 L.L
L01CE02 IRINOTECAN THYMOORGAN G Irinotecan HCl - 40mg/2ml 40mg/2ml Injectable concentrated solution 2,123,271 L.L
J01DH03 INVANZ B Ertapenem - 1g 1g Injectable concentrated powder for solution 3,785,604 L.L
B03AC IVIRON G Iron (sucrose) - 100mg/5ml 100mg/5ml Injectable concentrated solution 1,745,203 L.L
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