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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
A10AD05 NOVOMIX 30 BioTech Insulin aspart - 30%, Insulin aspart protamine - 70% 100IU/ml Injectable suspension 4,264,012 L.L
A10AE01 HUMULIN N U-100 BioTech Insulin (human) - 100IU/ml 100IU/ml Injectable suspension 701,486 L.L
A10AE01 INSULATARD BioTech Insulin (human) - 100IU/ml 100IU/ml Injectable suspension 752,552 L.L
A10AE01 INSULATARD BioTech Insulin (human) - 100IU/ml 100IU/ml Injectable suspension 752,552 L.L
A10AE01 JUSLINE N BioTech Insulin human isophane - 100IU/ml 100IU/ml Injectable suspension 401,809 L.L
H02AB01 DIPROFOS B Betamethasone (dipropionate) - 5mg/ml, Betamethasone (sodium phosphate) - 2mg/ml Injectable suspension 446,156 L.L
N02CD02 EMGALITY BioTech Galcanezumab - 120mg/ml 120mg/ml Injectable suspension 37,250,732 L.L
L01BC07 AZACITIDINE ARROW G Azacitidine - 25mg/ml 25mg/ml Injectable suspension 10,967,854 L.L
H02AB04 DEPO MEDROL B Methylprednisolone acetate - 40mg/ml 40mg/ml Injectable suspension 182,763 L.L
H02AB04 DEPO MEDROL B Methylprednisolone acetate - 80mg/2ml 80mg/2ml Injectable suspension 365,525 L.L
H02AB08 TRIACORT G Triamcinolone acetonide - 40mg/ml 40mg/ml Injectable suspension 745,833 L.L
L02AE03 ZOLADEX DEPOT B Goserelin (acetate) - 3.6mg 3.6mg Injectable suspension 8,820,074 L.L
L02AE03 ZOLADEX LA B Goserelin (acetate) - 10.8mg 10.8mg Injectable suspension 35,121,328 L.L
L03AB03 IMUKIN BioTech Interferon gamma - 100mcg/0.5ml 100mcg/0.5ml Injectable suspension 6,348,312 L.L
J07AJ51 BOOSTRIX B Diphteria toxoid purified - ?2.5Lf/0.5ml, Tetanus toxoid purified - ?5Lf/0.5ml, Bordetella Pertussis Antigens: toxoid - 8mcg/0.5ml, Bordetella Pertussis Antigens: filamentous haemagglutinin - 8mcg/0.5ml, Pertactine - 2.5mcg Al3+/0.5ml, Aluminium hydroxide - 0.3mg Al3+/0.5ml, Aluminium Phosphate - 0.2mg/0.5ml Injectable suspension 1,394,909 L.L
J07AL02 PREVENAR 13 B Polysaccharide for serotypes 1, 3, 4, 5 , 6A, 7F, 9V,14, 18C, 19A, 19F, 23F (2.2mcg)Polysaccharide for serotypes 6B (4.4mcg)Conjugated to CRM197 carrier protein and adsorbed on aluminium phosphate (0.125mg aluminium) - Injectable suspension 6,352,343 L.L
J07AL02 SYNFLORIX B Polysaccharide from each of 10 capsular types of pneumococcus (conjugated to carrier proteins) adsorbed onto aluminium phosphate - 1mcg/0.5ml, Polysaccharide of serotypes 41,2, 18C1,3 and 19F1,4 - 3mcg/0.5ml, 1 adsorbed onto aluminium phosphate - 0.5mg Al3+, 2 conjugated to protein D (derived from NTHi) carrier protein - ~ 13mcg, 3 conjugated to tetanos toxoid carrier protein - ~ 8mcg, 4 conjugated to diphteria toxoid carrier protein - ~ 5mcg Injectable suspension 4,675,228 L.L
J07AL02 PNEUMOSIL (10-VALENT) G Pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine (adsorbed) - Injectable suspension 3,386,483 L.L
N05AX13 INVEGA SUSTENNA B Paliperidone palmitate - 100mg 100mg Injectable suspension, prolonged release 18,342,148 L.L
N05AX13 INVEGA SUSTENNA B Paliperidone palmitate - 75mg 75mg Injectable suspension, prolonged release 14,659,577 L.L
N05AX13 INVEGA SUSTENNA B Paliperidone palmitate - 50mg 50mg Injectable suspension, prolonged release 9,661,754 L.L
N05AX13 INVEGA SUSTENNA B Paliperidone palmitate - 150mg 150mg Injectable suspension, prolonged release 26,434,190 L.L
N05AX13 TREVICTA B Paliperidone - 175mg 175mg Injectable suspension, prolonged release 33,673,469 L.L
N05AX13 TREVICTA B Paliperidone - 263mg 263mg Injectable suspension, prolonged release 39,162,480 L.L
N05AX13 TREVICTA B Paliperidone - 350mg 350mg Injectable suspension, prolonged release 48,204,866 L.L
N05AX13 TREVICTA B Paliperidone - 525mg 525mg Injectable suspension, prolonged release 72,306,028 L.L
N05AX13 BYANNLI B Paliperidone - 1000mg 1000mg Injectable suspension, prolonged release 135,844,746 L.L
N05AX13 BYANNLI B Paliperidone - 700mg 700mg Injectable suspension, prolonged release 93,221,562 L.L
D07AB02 LOCOID B Hydrocortisone butyrate - 0.1% 0.1% Lipocream 221,734 L.L
D07AB02 LOCOID B Hydrocortisone butyrate - 0.1% 0.1% Lipocream 221,734 L.L
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