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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
B05BB02 ELECTROLYE 67 G Calcium gluconate - 0.10g/100ml, Potassium chloride - 0.075g/100ml, Sodium chloride - 0.30g/100ml, Dextrose, H2O - 5.0g/100ml Injectable solution 165,727 L.L
N01BB01 BUPIVACAINE AGUETTANT 5MG/ML G Bupivacaine HCl - 100mg/20ml 100mg/20ml Injectable solution 3,078,743 L.L
N05CD08 MIDAZOLAM PANPHARMA G Midazolam - 5mg/5ml 5mg/5ml Injectable solution 697,454 L.L
V03AF03 EUROFOLIC G Folic acid as Calcium Folinate Hydrate - 50mg/5ml 10mg/ml Injectable solution 5,305,490 L.L
A04AA05 VONAXI G Palonosetron HCl - 250mcg/5ml 250mcg/5ml Injectable solution 1,490,321 L.L
B05BB02 DEXTROSE 5% IN LACTATED RINGER'S G Sodium lactate - 0.31g/100ml, Calcium chloride 2H2O - 0.02g/100ml, Potassium chloride - 0.03g/100ml, Sodium chloride - 0.598g/100ml, Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml Injectable solution 207,404 L.L
N01BB02 LIDOCAINE ARWAN G Lidocaine (HCl) - 0.5% 0.5% Injectable solution 1,995,158 L.L
N05CD08 HIKMA MIDAZOLAM G Midazolam (HCl) - 5mg/ml 5mg/ml Injectable solution 679,984 L.L
B05BB02 DEXTROSE 5% & SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.2% G Sodium chloride - 0.2g/100ml, Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml Injectable solution 194,165 L.L
N01BB02 LIDOCAINE ARWAN G Lidocaine (HCl) - 1% 1% Injectable solution 1,995,158 L.L
N05CD08 IPNODIS MEDIS G Midazolam - 5mg/ml 5mg/ml Injectable solution 565,758 L.L
B05BB02 DEXTROSE 5% & SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.2% G Sodium chloride - 0.2g/100ml, Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml Injectable solution 220,643 L.L
M01AB15 ALGIKEY G Ketorolac trometamine - 30mg/ml 30mg/ml Injectable solution 873,498 L.L
N01BB02 LIDOCAINE ARWAN G Lidocaine (HCl) - 1% 1% Injectable solution 1,995,158 L.L
N05CD08 MIDAZOLAM HAMELN G Midazolam (HCl) - 5mg/ml 5mg/ml Injectable solution 561,726 L.L
B05BB02 DEXTROSE 5% & SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.3% G Sodium chloride - 0.3g/100ml, Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml Injectable solution 188,772 L.L
M01AB15 KETO-AVI G Ketorolac tromethamine - 30mg/ml 30mg/ml Injectable solution 106,164 L.L
N01BB02 ? 1% LIDOCAINE HCL USP G Lidocaine HCl - 1% 1% Injectable solution 76,791 L.L
N05CD08 MIDAZOLAM PANPHARMA G Midazolam - 5mg/ml 5mg/ml Injectable solution 826,463 L.L
B05BB02 DEXTROSE 5% & SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.3% G Sodium chloride - 0.3g/100ml, Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml Injectable solution 204,554 L.L
J06BA02 IG VENA BioHuman Human normal immunoglobulin - 2.5g/50ml 2.5g/50ml Injectable solution 17,011,323 L.L
M01AB15 KETOLAC G Ketorolac trometamine - 30mg/2ml 30mg/2ml Injectable solution 106,164 L.L
N01BB02 CHLORHYDRATE DE LIDOCAINE RENAUDIN G Lidocaine (HCl) - 10mg/ml 1% Injectable solution 591,291 L.L
B05BB02 DEXTROSE 5% & SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.3% G Sodium chloride - 0.3g/100ml, Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml Injectable solution 220,643 L.L
J06BA02 OCTAGAM BioHuman Human normal immunoglobulin G - 50mg/ml 2.5g/50ml Injectable solution 19,540,934 L.L
N01BB02 LIDOCAINE- ORBUCELL G Lidocaine HCl - 1% 1% Injectable solution 1,787,950 L.L
B05BC01 MANNITOL G Mannitol - 20g/100ml 20g/100ml Injectable solution 406,810 L.L
C01EB10 CARDESINE G Adenosine - 6mg/2ml 6mg/2ml Injectable solution 563,070 L.L
J06BA02 PRIVIGEN BioHuman Immunoglobulin human - 2.5g/25ml 10% Injectable solution 23,611,268 L.L
N01BB02 LIDOCAINE- ORBUCELL G Lidocaine HCl - 2% 2% Injectable solution 1,787,950 L.L
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