Meningitis

Generalities
Agent	There are several agents causing meningitis. 1) Main Bacteria: - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y. - Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection. - Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes. - Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups) - Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped - Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis… 2) Virus: - Mumps - Measles - West Nile virus: a Flavivirus - Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3) - Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae - Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus - Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus - Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group -Other virus: arboviruses… 3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period	varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility	varies with the agent
Reservoir	varies with the agent
Modes of transmission	varies with the agent
Clinical presentation	varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis - MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis - MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b - MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms	- Meningitis reporting form - Meningitis investigation form
Data	- Weekly report

ATC	Name	B/G	Ingredients	Form	Price
B05BB02	DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% INJECTION, USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.45%, Glucose - 5%	Injectable solution	180,421 L.L
J01CR02	VAAMOX IV	G	Amoxicillin - 1g, Clavulanic Acid - 200mg	Injectable powder	225,766 L.L
R01BA52	ORADUS P	G	Pseudoephedrine sulfate - 120mg, Desloratadine - 2.5mg	Tablet, extended release	255,970 L.L
A10BD02	GLIBOMET	B	Metformin HCl - 400mg, Glibenclamide - 5mg	Tablet, film coated	462,282 L.L
B05BB02	DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% INJECTION, USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.45%, Glucose - 5%	Injectable solution	148,566 L.L
J01CR02	VAAMOX IV	G	Amoxicillin - 1g, Clavulanic Acid - 200mg	Injectable powder	2,150,148 L.L
R01BA53	AURIMEL	B	Phenylephrine HCl - 5mg/5ml, Sodium citrate - 325mg/5ml, Carbinoxamine maleate - 2mg/5ml, Dextromethorphan HBr - 5mg/5ml	Syrup	319,963 L.L
L01FD01	TRASTUREL	BioTech	Trastuzumab - 440mg		L.L
A10BD02	ORBIZIDE M FORTE	G	Metformin HCl - 500mg, Gliclazide - 80mg	Tablet	771,750 L.L
B05BB02	MIXTE SIMPLE (1)	G	Sodium chloride - 0.45g/100ml, Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml	Injectable solution	182,720 L.L
D06BB53	ACTI-VIR H	G	Aciclovir - 5%, Hydrocortisone acetate - 1%	Cream	833,182 L.L
A10BD05	ACTOSMET	B	Metformin - 850mg, Pioglitazone - 15mg	Tablet, film coated	3,101,588 L.L
B05BB02	MIXTE SIMPLE (1)	G	Sodium chloride - 0.45g/100ml, Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml	Injectable solution	205,933 L.L
A10BD06	DUETACT	B	Glimepiride - 2mg, Pioglitazone - 30mg	Tablet	2,803,255 L.L
B05BB02	SERUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% INJECTION, USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.45%, Glucose - 5%	Injectable solution	193,062 L.L
N02AJ06	EFFERALGAN CODEINE	B	Paracetamol - 500mg, Codeine phosphate - 30mg	Tablet, effervescent scored	215,015 L.L
A10BD06	DUETACT	B	Glimepiride - 4mg, Pioglitazone - 30mg	Tablet	3,287,039 L.L
B05BB02	SERUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% INJECTION, USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.45%, Glucose - 5%	Injectable solution	180,421 L.L
N02AJ06	EFFERALGAN CODEINE	B	Paracetamol - 500mg, Codeine phosphate - 30mg	Tablet, film coated	215,015 L.L
R02A	ANGINOVAG	G	Lidocaine HCl - 100mg/100ml, Hydrocortisone acetate - 60mg/100ml, Tyrothricin - 400mg/100ml, Dequalinium chloride - 100mg/100ml, ?-Glycerrhetinic acid - 60mg/100ml	Spray	651,764 L.L
A10BD07	JANUMET	B	Metformin HCl - 1000mg, Sitagliptin - 50mg	Tablet	3,093,525 L.L
B05BB02	SOLUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% INJECTION, USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.45%, Glucose - 5%	Injectable solution	236,731 L.L
N02AJ06	ALGOCOD	G	Paracetamol - 500mg, Codeine phosphate - 30mg	Tablet, effervescent	299,677 L.L
R02A	TRACHISAN	G	Lidocaine HCl - 1mg, Tyrothricin - 0.5mg, Chlorhexidine gluconate - 1mg	Lozenge	228,453 L.L
A10BD07	JANUMET	B	Metformin HCl - 1000mg, Sitagliptin - 50mg	Tablet	3,093,525 L.L
B05BB02	SOLUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% INJECTION, USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.45%, Glucose - 5%	Injectable solution	211,449 L.L
N02AJ06	PARACO-DENK 1000/60	G	Paracetamol - 1000mg, Codeine phosphate hemihydrate - 60mg	Suppository	636,981 L.L
R02A	CHLORASEPTIC TOTAL SORE THROAT + COUGH LOZENGES WILD CHERRY	G	Benzocaine - 6mg, Dextromethorphan - 5mg, Menthol - 10mg	Lozenge	537,537 L.L
A10BD07	SAGIMET	G	Metformin HCl - 1000mg, Sitagliptin (HCl monohydrate) - 50mg	Tablet, film coated	1,551,690 L.L
B05BB02	2.5% DEXTROSE 0.45% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION	G	Dextrose,H2O - 2.5g/100ml, Sodium chloride - 0.45g/100ml	Injectable solution	172,377 L.L