Meningitis

Generalities
Agent	There are several agents causing meningitis. 1) Main Bacteria: - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y. - Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection. - Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes. - Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups) - Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped - Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis… 2) Virus: - Mumps - Measles - West Nile virus: a Flavivirus - Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3) - Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae - Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus - Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus - Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group -Other virus: arboviruses… 3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period	varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility	varies with the agent
Reservoir	varies with the agent
Modes of transmission	varies with the agent
Clinical presentation	varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis - MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis - MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b - MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms	- Meningitis reporting form - Meningitis investigation form
Data	- Weekly report

ATC	Name	B/G	Ingredients	Form	Price
N02AJ06	EFFERALGAN CODEINE	B	Paracetamol - 500mg, Codeine phosphate - 30mg	Tablet, film coated	215,015 L.L
A03DB04	PANADOL WOMAN	B	Paracetamol - 500mg, Hyoscine butylbromide - 10mg	Tablet, coated	436,749 L.L
B05BB02	DEXTROSE 5% & SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9%	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9g/100ml, Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml	Injectable solution	198,578 L.L
C09DX03	VOCADO HCT	B	Olmesartan medoxomil - 40mg, Amlodipine - 5mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg	Tablet, film coated	1,523,917 L.L
N02AJ06	ALGOCOD	G	Paracetamol - 500mg, Codeine phosphate - 30mg	Tablet, effervescent	299,677 L.L
A03E	ACTICARBINE	G	Activated charcoal - 70mg, Papaverine HCl - 14mg	Tablet, coated	311,771 L.L
B05BB02	DEXTROSE 5% & SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9%	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9g/100ml, Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml	Injectable solution	226,036 L.L
C09DX03	OLMENOR TRIPLE	G	Olmesartan medoxomil - 40mg, Amlodipine (besylate) - 5mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg	Tablet, film coated	1,067,011 L.L
N02AJ06	PARACO-DENK 1000/60	G	Paracetamol - 1000mg, Codeine phosphate hemihydrate - 60mg	Suppository	636,981 L.L
A03E	MEPHIGASTRYL	G	Belladone powder - 0.005g, Magnesium hydroxide - 0.1g, Meprobamate - 0.1g, Prochlorperazine maleate - 0.01g	Capsule	296,925 L.L
B05BB02	MIXTE SIMPLE (2)	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9g/100ml, Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml	Injectable solution	207,894 L.L
C09DX04	ENTRESTO	B	Valsartan - 26mg, Sacubitril - 24mg	Tablet, film coated	6,029,821 L.L
N02AJ08	ASTEFOR	G	Ibuprofen - 400mg, Codeine phosphate hemihydrate - 30mg	Tablet, film coated	935,314 L.L
B05BB02	SERUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%, Glucose - 5%	Injectable solution	194,211 L.L
C09DX04	ENTRESTO	B	Valsartan - 51mg, Sacubitril - 49mg	Tablet, film coated	6,029,821 L.L
D06BA51	IALUGEN PLUS	B	Silver sulfadiazine - 10mg/g, Sodium hyaluronate - 2mg/g	Cream	1,064,323 L.L
G03HB01	DIANE '35'	B	Ethinylestradiol - 0.035mg, Cyproterone acetate - 2mg	Tablet	494,534 L.L
N02AJ13	ZALDIAR	B	Paracetamol - 325mg, Tramadol - 37.5mg	Tablet, film coated	404,497 L.L
B05BB02	SOLUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%, Glucose - 5%	Injectable solution	222,941 L.L
C09DX04	ENTRESTO	B	Valsartan - 103mg, Sacubitril - 97mg	Tablet, film coated	11,674,240 L.L
D06BA51	HYALO4 PLUS	G	Hyaluronic acid (sodium) - 0.2%, Silver sulfadiazine - 1%	Cream	466,313 L.L
N02AJ13	TRAMADOL/PARACETAMOL ARROW LAB	G	Tramadol - 37.5mg, Paracetamol - 325mg	Tablet, coated	205,608 L.L
B05BB02	SERUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%, Glucose - 5%	Injectable solution	180,421 L.L
D06BA51	IALUGEN PLUS	B	Silver sulfadiazine - 10mg/g, Sodium hyaluronate - 0.5mg/g	Gauze	1,463,444 L.L
N02AJ13	MOLCET	G	Paracetamol - 325mg, Tramadol - 37.5mg	Tablet	317,403 L.L
R03AK06	SERETIDE DISKUS 100	B	Salmeterol (xinafoate) - 50mcg/inhalation, Fluticasone propionate - 100mcg/inhalation	Inhalation powder	2,276,469 L.L
B05BB02	SOLUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%, Glucose - 5%	Injectable solution	158,587 L.L
D06BA51	SILVEZ PLUS	G	Silver sulfadiazine - , Chlorhexidine -	Cream	349,399 L.L
G04B	FONCITRIL 4000	B	Citric acid - 1.189g, Potassium Citrate - 1.73g, Sodium citrate - 1.845g	Granules	1,613,955 L.L
N02AJ13	ALGODOL	G	Paracetamol - 325mg, Tramadol HCl - 37.5mg	Capsule	317,403 L.L