Meningitis

Generalities
Agent	There are several agents causing meningitis. 1) Main Bacteria: - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y. - Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection. - Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes. - Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups) - Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped - Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis… 2) Virus: - Mumps - Measles - West Nile virus: a Flavivirus - Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3) - Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae - Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus - Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus - Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group -Other virus: arboviruses… 3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period	varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility	varies with the agent
Reservoir	varies with the agent
Modes of transmission	varies with the agent
Clinical presentation	varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis - MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis - MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b - MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms	- Meningitis reporting form - Meningitis investigation form
Data	- Weekly report

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All

ATC	Name	B/G	Ingredients	Form	Price
C09DB04	TWYNSTA	B	Telmisartan - 80mg, Amlodipine - 5mg	Tablet	991,756 L.L
G03AA12	NAJAT	G	Drospirenone - 3mg, Ethinylestradiol - 0.03mg	Tablet, coated	417,935 L.L
B05BB01	R-SOL	G	Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 0.033%, Potassium chloride - 0.03%, Sodium chloride - 0.86%	Injectable solution	205,933 L.L
B05ZA	CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS L	G	Potassium chloride - K+:1.5 mmol/l, Magnesium chloride - Mg++:0.75 mmol/l, Calcium chloride - Ca++:1.75 mmol/l, Sodium acetate - Cl-:106.5 mmol/l, Sodium chloride - Na+:135 mmol/l	Injectable solution	L.L
C09DB04	TWINCARD 80/5	G	Telmisartan - 80mg, Amlodipine - 5mg	Tablet	1,131,387 L.L
G03AA12	YAZ	B	Drospirenone - 3mg, Ethinylestradiol - 20mcg	Tablet, film coated	1,193,332 L.L
B05BB01	SERUFLEX RINGER'S INJECTION, USP	G	Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 0.33g/l, Potassium chloride - 0.3g/l, Sodium chloride - 8.6g/l	Injectable solution	204,554 L.L
B05ZA	CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS LM	G	Potassium chloride - K+:2.00 mmol/l, Magnesium chloride - Mg++:0.75 mmol/l, Calcium chloride - Ca++:1.75 mmol/l, Sodium acetate - Cl-:112 mmol/l, Sodium chloride - Na+:140 mmol/l	Injectable solution	L.L
C09DB06	LOSANET AM	G	Losartan potassium - 100mg, Amlodipine - 10mg	Tablet	1,044,358 L.L
G03AB03	MICROGYNON '30'	B	Ethinylestradiol - 0.03mg, Levonorgestrel - 0.15mg	Tablet, sugar coated	161,261 L.L
B05BB01	SOLUFLEX RINGER'S INJECTION, USP	G	Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 0.33g/l, Potassium chloride - 0.3g/l, Sodium chloride - 8.6g/l	Injectable solution	221,792 L.L
B05ZA	CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS LS	G	Potassium chloride - K+:1.5 mmol/l, Magnesium chloride - Mg++:0.75 mmol/l, Calcium chloride - Ca++:1.75 mmol/l, Sodium acetate - Cl-:111.5 mmol/l, Sodium chloride - Na+:140 mmol/l	Injectable solution	L.L
C09DB06	LOSANET AM	G	Losartan potassium - 100mg, Amlodipine - 5mg	Tablet	1,044,358 L.L
B05BB02	5% DEXTROSE 0.9% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION	G	Dextrose,H2O - 5g/100ml, Sodium chloride - 0.9g/100ml	Injectable solution	180,421 L.L
B05ZA	CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS LS2	G	Potassium chloride - K+:1.5 mmol/l, Magnesium chloride - Mg++:0.75 mmol/l, Calcium chloride - Ca++:1.5 mmol/l, Sodium acetate - Cl-:111 mmol/l, Sodium chloride - Na+:140 mmol/l	Injectable solution	L.L
C09DB07	CANDAM	G	Candesartan cilexetil - 8mg, Amlodipine - 5mg	Capsule, hard	923,220 L.L
D04AA32	DERMAMINE ITCH STOPPING	G	Diphenhydramine HCl - 1%, Zinc acetete - 0.1%	Cream	560,382 L.L
B05BB02	5% DEXTROSE 0.9% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION	G	Dextrose,H2O - 5g/100ml, Sodium chloride - 0.9g/100ml	Injectable solution	226,388 L.L
B05ZA	CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS LS3	G	Potassium chloride - K+:2.00 mmol/l, Magnesium chloride - Mg++:0.75 mmol/l, Calcium chloride - Ca++:1.60 mmol/l, Sodium acetate - Cl-:112 mmol/l, Sodium chloride - Na+:140 mmol/l	Injectable solution	L.L
C09DB07	CORONOPINE	G	Candesartan cilexetil - 8mg, Amlodipine - 5mg	Capsule, hard	1,368,032 L.L
B05BB02	5% DEXTROSE 0.9% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION	G	Dextrose,H2O - 5g/100ml, Sodium chloride - 0.9g/100ml	Injectable solution	153,990 L.L
B05ZA	CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS R	G	Potassium chloride - K+:1.00 mmol/l, Magnesium chloride - Mg++:0.75 mmol/l, Calcium chloride - Ca++:1.40 mmol/l, Sodium acetate - Cl-:105.8 mmol/l, Sodium chloride - Na+:140.5 mmol/l	Injectable solution	L.L
C09DB07	CANDAM	G	Candesartan cilexetil - 16mg, Amlodipine - 5mg	Capsule, hard	923,220 L.L
M02AA15	GROFENAC	G	Diclofenac sodium - 1%	Emulsion Gel	314,459 L.L
B05BB02	DEXTROSE 5% & SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9%	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9g/100ml, Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml	Injectable solution	189,262 L.L
B05ZA	CONCENTRATE SOLUTIONFOR HEMODIALYSIS TYPE A	G	Hemodialytics, concentrates -	Injectable solution	L.L
C09DB07	CORONOPINE	G	Candesartan cilexetil - 16mg, Amlodipine - 5mg	Capsule, hard	1,638,144 L.L
B02BD06	HAEMATE P	BioHuman	Von Willebrand Factor - 1200IU, Blood Coagulation Factor VIII - 500IU	Injectable lyophilised powder for solution+diluent	L.L
A10BD02	GLUCOVANCE	B	Metformin HCl - 500mg, Glibenclamide - 2.5mg	Tablet, film coated	563,663 L.L
B05BB02	DEXTROSE 5% & SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9%	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9g/100ml, Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml	Injectable solution	182,720 L.L

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