Meningitis

Generalities
Agent	There are several agents causing meningitis. 1) Main Bacteria: - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y. - Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection. - Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes. - Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups) - Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped - Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis… 2) Virus: - Mumps - Measles - West Nile virus: a Flavivirus - Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3) - Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae - Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus - Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus - Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group -Other virus: arboviruses… 3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period	varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility	varies with the agent
Reservoir	varies with the agent
Modes of transmission	varies with the agent
Clinical presentation	varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis - MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis - MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b - MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms	- Meningitis reporting form - Meningitis investigation form
Data	- Weekly report

ATC	Name	B/G	Ingredients	Dosage	Form	Price
B05ZA	CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS LM	G	Potassium chloride - K+:2.00 mmol/l, Magnesium chloride - Mg++:0.75 mmol/l, Calcium chloride - Ca++:1.75 mmol/l, Sodium acetate - Cl-:112 mmol/l, Sodium chloride - Na+:140 mmol/l		Injectable solution	L.L
C08CA01	AMLODAR 10	G	Amlodipine (besylate) - 10mg	10mg	Capsule	671,921 L.L
C09DB07	CORONOPINE	G	Candesartan cilexetil - 8mg, Amlodipine - 10mg		Capsule, hard	1,368,032 L.L
J01AA07	TETRACYCLINE	G	Tetracycline HCl - 250mg	250mg	Capsule	3,906,998 L.L
J01DH51	IMIPENEM-CILASTATIN LABATEC	G	Imipenem (monohydrate) - 500mg, Cilastatin (sodium) - 500mg		Injectable powder for solution	8,922,845 L.L
J05AG03	STOVIRENZ	G	Efavirenz - 600mg	600mg	Tablet, film coated	6,857,456 L.L
L02BA01	TAMOXIFENE BIOGARAN	G	Tamoxifen (citrate) - 20mg	20mg	Tablet	858,715 L.L
M01AB15	KETOLAC	G	Ketorolac trometamine - 10mg	10mg	Tablet	106,164 L.L
N01BB02	LIDOCAINE ARWAN	G	Lidocaine (HCl) - 0.5%	0.5%	Injectable solution	1,995,158 L.L
N03AX14	ZITERA	G	Levetiracetam - 500mg	500mg	Tablet, film coated	2,203,902 L.L
N05CF04	INDUCTAL	G	Eszopiclone - 2mg	2mg	Tablet, film coated	1,411,035 L.L
P03AB02	GAMMA BENZENE HEXACHLORIDE	G	Lindane - 1%	1%	Lotion	167,660 L.L
R06AE07	CETALLERG	G	Cetirizine (dihydrochloride) - 10mg	10mg	Tablet, film coated	180,075 L.L
A03BB01	SCOPINAL	G	Butylscopolamine bromide - 5mg/5ml	5mg/5ml	Syrup	210,983 L.L
B05BB01	SERUFLEX LACTATED RINGER'S INJECTION, USP	G	Sodium lactate - 3.1g/l, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 0.2g/l, Potassium chloride - 0.3g/l, Sodium chloride - 6g/l		Injectable solution	216,046 L.L
B05ZA	CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS LS	G	Potassium chloride - K+:1.5 mmol/l, Magnesium chloride - Mg++:0.75 mmol/l, Calcium chloride - Ca++:1.75 mmol/l, Sodium acetate - Cl-:111.5 mmol/l, Sodium chloride - Na+:140 mmol/l		Injectable solution	L.L
C08CA01	AMLODIPINE ARROW	G	Amlodipine (besylate) - 10mg	10mg	Capsule	462,282 L.L
C09DX	LOSANET AM PLUS	G	Losartan potassium - 100mg, Amlodipine - 10mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg		Tablet	1,044,358 L.L
D05AA	ICHTAMMOL OINTMENT	G	Tars - 10%	10%	Ointment	90,869 L.L
J01AA07	TETRACYCLINE	G	Tetracycline HCl - 250mg	250mg	Capsule	1,247,086 L.L
J01DH51	IMIPENEME CILASTATINE PANPHARMA	G	Imipenem (monohydrate) - 500mg, Cilastatin (sodium) - 500mg		Injectable powder for solution	10,840,366 L.L
L01EA01	APO-IMATINIB	G	Imatinib - 100mg	100mg	Tablet	38,330,537 L.L
M01AB15	ALGIKEY	G	Ketorolac trometamine - 30mg/ml	30mg/ml	Injectable solution	873,498 L.L
N01BB02	LIDOCAINE ARWAN	G	Lidocaine (HCl) - 1%	1%	Injectable solution	1,995,158 L.L
N05CF04	INDUCTAL	G	Eszopiclone - 3mg	3mg	Tablet, film coated	1,693,242 L.L
P03AX01	SPIDOGALE	G	Benzyl benzoate - 10g/100ml, Sulfur colloïdal - 5g/100ml		Lotion	207,336 L.L
R06AE07	CETIMED	G	Cetirizine (dihydrochloride) - 10mg	10mg	Tablet, scored	360,918 L.L
A03BB01	ANTIPAN	G	Hyoscine N butylbromide - 20mg/ml		Injectable solution	355,798 L.L
A10BB09	LOWZID XR	G	Gliclazide - 60mg	60mg	Tablet, extended release	309,724 L.L
B05BB01	LACTATED RINGER'S	G	Sodium lactate - 0.31g/100ml, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 0.02g/100ml, Potassium chloride - 0.03g/100ml, Sodium chloride - 0.598g/100ml		Injectable solution	234,862 L.L